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Grammar Assessment 9
Content covering Chapter 9: Cohesion
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Antecedent | The noun or nominal that a pronoun refers to: "Max" said he would come. |
| Antithesis | The juxtaposition of contrasting ideas: "I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him." |
| Broad reference | A pronoun that refers to a complete sentence rather than to a specific nominal form. The clause is introduced by "which." Judd told jokes all evening, "which annoyed everyone after a while." |
| Cohesion | The connections between sentences. These ties are furnished by pronouns that have antecedents in the previous sentences, conjunctive adverbs, known info, and by knowledge shared by the reader. |
| Demonstrative pronoun | The pronouns this (plural these) and that (plural those), which function as nominal substitutes and as determiners. They include the feature of proximity: near (this, these) and distant (that, those). |
| Determiner | One of the closed-class words, a signaler of nouns. They include articles (a, the), possessive nouns and pronouns (Chuck's, his), demonstrative pronouns (this, that, these, those), and indefinite pronouns (many, each). |
| Foregrounding | Within a paragraph, the placement of important information in the position of prominent focus. |
| Known-new contract | The common feature of sentences in which old, or known, information (info repeated from an earlier sentence/paragraph) will appear in the subject position, with the new info in the predicate. |
| Lexical cohesion | The continuity of text created by the use of repeated or related words. |
| Parallelism | A coordinate structure in which all the coordinate parts are of the same grammatical form: I'll take either "a bus" or "a taxi." |
| Passive voice | A property of sentences in which the subject is generally the recipient of the action indicated by the verb. If an agent is found in the sentence, it is usually found after the preposition "by." |
| Personal pronoun | A pronoun referring to a specific person or thing: In the subjective case, these are I, you, he, she, we, you, they, and it. |
| Possessive case | The inflected form of nouns (John's, the dog's) and pronouns (my, his, your, her, their, whose, etc.,) usually indicating possession or ownership. |
| Possessive pronoun | These are: my, his, your, her, their, whose, etc. A pronoun indicating possession |
| Pronoun | A word that carries little meaning outside of a specific context. It takes the position of a nominal. |
| Reader expectation | The writer's awareness of what the reader is expecting to read. |
| Redundancy | Unnecessary repetition. |
| Repetition | A technique for strengthening the continuity of text with key words. |