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Ch. 12 REVIEW

Sexual Reproduction & Heredity Test Review

QuestionAnswer
First stage of Meiosis I in which DNA coils tighter and individual chromosomes become visible Prophase I
Meiosis has three unique features: Synapsis, homologous recombination and __________ Reduction Division
Meiosis, in a diploid organism, consists of __________ rounds of division Two
Prophase I is traditionally divided into 5 sequential stages: Leptotene __________, pachytene, diplotene, and diakinesis Zygotene
The __________ prvides the structural framework that enables crossing over between the homologous chromosomes Synaptonemal Complex
The end result of meiosis is __________ haploid daughter cells Four
The exchange process that occurs between paired chromosomes is called __________ Crossing Over
The large protein assemblies that aid in the process of crossing over are called __________ Recombination Nodules
The x-shaped structure that gives occurs between chromosomes when DNA is being exchanged Chiasma
(Stage of prophase I): Chromosomes condense tightly Leptotene
(Stage of prophase I): Chromosomes decondence and become active in transcription Diplotene
(Stage of prophase I): DNA unwinds at certain sites Pachytene
(Stage of prophase I):Lattice of protein is laid down between homologous chromosomes Zygotene
(Stage of prophase I): Process of synapsis takes place Zygotene
(Stage of prophase I):Transcription ceases Diakinesis
(Stage of prophase I): Period of intense growth Diplotene
(Stage of prophase I): Synaptonemal complex disassembles Diplotene
Most __________ and plants reproduce sexually Animals
Gametes of opposite sex unite to form a __________ Zygote
The human body contains approximately __________ cells 100 Trillion
Sexual reproduction plays a key role in generating tremendous __________ that is the raw material of evolution Genetic Diversity
__________ is the person credited with the discovery of the cell. Walther Fleming
__________ is the person credited with the discovery that some cells, within an organism, have different numbers of chromosomes than other Pierre-Joseph van Beneden
__________ process of cell division in which the number of chromosomes in certain cells is cut in half Meiosis
In sexual reproduction, haploid cells or organisms alternate with diploid cells or organisms Alternation of Generations
"Offspring" of cell division Daughter Cells
Cells that will eventually develop into gametes Germ-Line Cells
Egg and sperm Gametes
Fusion of gametes to form a new cell Fertilization
Having one set of chromosomes Haploid
Having two sets of chromosomes Diploid
Nonreproductive cells/tissues Somatic
Process of forming complexes between homologous chromosomes Synapsis
Reproduction that involves only one set of genetic material or one parent Asexual reproduction
Type of asexual reproduction which involves a cell splitting into two cells Binary Fission
Type of asexual reproduction which involves offspring growing off of the parent Budding
Type of asexual reproduction which involves a new organism growing from a part removed from the parent Regeneration
__________ holds homologues together during the process of crossing over Synaptonemal complex
__________ pull the homologous chromosomes apart during anaphase I Microtubules
Three mechanisms of sexual reproduction that increase genetic variability are: __________, crossing over and random fertilization Independent Assortment
Created by: SavannahElkins
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