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Ayana Jackson
Chemical Basis of Life Set 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Matter | Anything that has mass and occupies space. |
| Element | A pure substance composed of only one kind of atom. |
| Atom | The smallest unit of an element that retains its properties. |
| Proton | A positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom. |
| Neutron | A neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom. |
| Electron | A negatively charged particle orbiting the nucleus. |
| Atomic Number | The number of protons in an atom’s nucleus. |
| Mass Number | The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. |
| Isotope | Atoms of the same element that differ in the number or neutrons. |
| Molecule | Two or more atoms chemically bonded together. |
| Compound | A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements. |
| Covalent Bond | A chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons. |
| Ionic Bond | A bond formed when electrons are transferred between atoms. |
| Hydrogen Bond | A weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom. |
| Ion | An atom or molecule that has gained or lost electrons and carries a charge. |
| Cation | A positively charged ion. |
| Anion | A negatively charged ion. |
| Chemical Reaction | A process in which bonds between atoms are made or broken. |
| Reactant | A substance that enters into a chemical reaction. |
| Product | A substance formed by a chemical reaction. |
| Synthesis Reaction | Two or more substances combine to form a more complex substance |
| Decomposition Reaction | A complex substance breaks down into simpler ones. |
| Exchange Reaction | Parts of two compounds trade places to form new compounds. |
| Reversible Reaction | A reaction that can go in either direction under certain conditions. |
| Inorganic Compound | A compound that does not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds. |
| Organic Compound | A compound that contains carbon and hydrogen; found in living things. |
| Water | An essential inorganic compound making up 60–70% of body weight. |
| Electrolyte | A substance that dissociates in water to form ions, conducting electricity. |
| Acid | A compound that releases hydrogen ions (H+) in solution. |
| Base | A compound that accepts hydrogen ions or releases hydroxide ions (OH–). |
| pH Scale | A scale from 0–14 that measures hydrogen ion concentration in a solution. |
| Buffer | A substance that resists changes in pH when acids or bases are added. |
| Carbohydrate | An organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; main energy source. |
| Lipid | A group of organic compounds including fats, oils, and cholesterol. |
| Protein | Organic molecules made of amino acids that perform many body functions. |
| Nucleic Acid | DNA and RNA; store and transmit genetic information. |
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