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Characteristics Life
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the eleven characteristics of life | Organization, reproduction, respiration, response, growth, cellular, heredity, homeostasis, metabolism, excretion, nutrition |
| Cellular basis | all living things are made up of one or more cells |
| unicellular - give example | living things composed of single cells - bacteria, yeast |
| multicellular - give example | living things composed of many cells - humans, |
| organization | living things are highly organized on a scale that runs from small to large |
| organelles | tiny structures found inside cells that carry out specific functions |
| order of organization | atom - molecule - organelle - cell - tissue - organ - organ system - organism |
| tissue - ex | group of similar cells that are adapted/ modified to carry out the same function/s - muscle, blood (human) dermal, vascular (plant) |
| organ - ex | group of tissues working together to carry out one or more functions - heart, liver (human) leaf, root (plant) |
| organ system - ex | number of organs working together to carry out one or more functions - circulatory, respiratory |
| response | ability of a living thing to react to changes (stimuli) in their surroundings |
| respiration | the controlled release of energy from food (anaerobic and aerobic) |
| nutrition | ability of organisms to obtain and use food |
| autotrophic | organisms that can make their own food by photosynthesis - plants |
| heterotrophic | organisms that can't make their own food. obtains food from consuming other plants/ animals - humans |
| excretion | removal of waste products of chemical reactions from the body |
| examples of excretory organs and their products | skin - sweat. lungs - exhalation. kidneys - urine |
| reproduction | process by which cells + organisms produce new cells + organisms of the same kind |
| growth | increase in size + mass of organisms ( or their parts) |
| metabolism | sum of all the chemical reactions in an organism |
| anabolic reactions (example) | convert small molecules into larger molecules using energy - photosynthesis, protein synthesis |
| catabolic reactions | release energy when large molecules are broken down from smaller molecules - respiration, digestion |
| homeostasis | ability of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment |
| what is the point of homeostasis | maintaining factors ( temp or pH) within a narrow range, allowing cell reactions to proceed as normal. |
| heredity | passing of genetically based characteristics from parent to offspring |
| mutation is a change in ? | genes and chromosomes |
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