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The Cell

Biology LC

TermDefinition
Nucleus Function Controls the Cell, nuclear pores allow molecules in and out
Nucleus Appearance Has a double membrane; contains chromosomes made of DNA and protein; contains nuclear pores
Cell Membrane Function Selectively Permeable, act as receptors, recognising molecules that touch them, retains cell contents; controls what enters and leaves the cell/organelle
Cell Membrane Appearance Composed of phospholipids and proteins arranged in a bilayer, phosphates are water-loving and lipids are water-hating.
Cell Wall Function Supports the cell; fully permeable
Cell Wall Appearance Plant cells are enclosed by a rigid cell wall made of cellulose (structural carbohydrate)
Ribosome Function Site of protein synthesis
Ribosomes Appearance Made of RNA and Protein
Chloroplasts Function Site of photosynthesis, exclusive to plant cells. A cytoplasmic organelle
Chloroplasts Appearance Surrounded by a double membrane contains stacks of chlorophyll (green pigment) and a loop of DNA.
Mitochondria Function Site of respiration, supplies energy to cell
Mitochondria Appearance Has a double membrane, infoldings, contains a loop of DNA
Meristems in plants and muscle cells in humans contain Many mitochondria
Endoplasmic Reticulum System of membrane tubules in cells. It's continuous with the outer membrane of the nucleus membrane, cytosol is the liquid outside the ER.
Smooth ER Appearance Does not have any ribosomes attached to it
Rough ER Appearance Has ribosomes attached to the outer sides of the membrane
Smooth ER Function Forms many proteins , stores calcium in liver cells and breaks down poison in liver cells
Rough ER Function Produces and transports proteins and new membranes
Golgi Apparatus Appearance Made from a number of flattened membrane sacks, a cell typically has a number of these stacks. Very often the golgi apparatus has a number of vesicles nearby
Golgi Apparatus Function Manufactures, stores, sorts and transports molecules. Normally molecules arrive in vesicles from the ER , enter the Golgi Apparatus and are altered, stored and transported to their final destination in vesicles released from the Golgi Apparatus
Chromosomes are best seen when the cell is dividing
Cytoplasm general Many of the reactions in a cell take place in the cytoplasm, may contain small structures called organelles, liquid surrounding the organelles is cytosol.
Cytoplasm Def The living material in a cell outside the nucleus, composed of the organelles and surrounding cytosol.
Vacuole general Plant cells normally have one large vacuole. Contains a fluid called cell sap surrounded by a membrane. Has a role in storage, contains sugars, salts, and sometimes pigments, gives strength to plant cell.
Protoplasm all the living matter in a cell
Animal cell features under a light microscope Cell membrane, nucleus, chromosomes, cytoplasm
Plant cell features under a light microscope Cell wall, cell membrane, vacuole, nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplasts
Structures and cell organelles not visible under a light microscope can be seen using a electron microscope
Created by: rfitz09
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