Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Geology Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the difference between a reactive response and an anticipatory response? | -A reactive response has to do with recovery, while an anticipatory response has to do with preparedness. |
| Why is land use planning typically more effective than artificial control of natural hazards? | -Most hazardous natural processes are not amenable to artificial control. |
| Hazardous processes can become catastrophes because of population increase. | -True |
| Land use planning is an important anticipatory response to natural hazards. | -True |
| Natural Hazards are always damaging and never beneficial. | -False |
| Why are precursor events important? | -Precursor events provide warning that a hazardous process is becoming active. |
| Why are hazard warnings sometimes problematic? | -Warnings are occasionally inaccurate. |
| Volcanic eruptions are one of the few natural hazards that have no benefit to humans. | -False |
| Hurricane Katrina did not hit New Orleans directly. What were some of the reasons that New Orleans suffered devastating flooding? | -levee failure -compaction and sinking of wetlands -regional subsidence -sea level rise |
| Natural hazards are not always harmful. What are some ways they can have beneficial outcomes? | -create new land -Flushes away pollutants -Supplies nutrients to the soil. -Movement of sand along beaches |
| To be considered a Natural Disaster, which of the following must have occurred? | -10 or more deaths -1000 or more impacted |
| Natural hazards are repetitive events, so historic data is studied for which of the following? | -Measuring rates of change -location of past hazards -recurrence intervals |
| Changes in land-use patterns alter the effects of natural hazards | -True |
| Population increase is important because it buffers the impacts of hazardous events. | -False |
| Shale is a strong rock type on which to build structures. | -False |
| A prediction of a hazardous event has greater uncertaintly than does a forecast. | False |
| To what does the concept of acceptable risk refer? | The risk that society or individuals are willing to endure. |
| Why is history important in understanding natural hazards? | Most natural hazards are repetitive events |
| How is the risk of a particular event defined? | Risk is the probability of occurrence of an event multiplied by its consequences. |
| 1. To what does the concept of acceptable risk refer? | The risk that society or individuals are willing to endure |
| 2. Why are precursor events important? | Precursor events provide warning that a hazardous process is becoming active |
| 3. Land use planning is an important anticipatory response to natural hazards. | True |
| 4. Why is land use planning typically more effective than artificial control of natural hazards? | Most hazardous natural processes are not amenable to artificial control |
| 5. Why might global climate change impact the magnitude and frequency of hazardous events? | Many hazardous natural events are controlled in part by the amount of water in the system |
| 6. Changes in land-use patterns alter the effects of natural hazards. | True |
| 7. How does a catastrophe differ from a disaster? | Damages from a catastrophe are of such a magnitude to require a long recovery period |
| 8. How are the magnitude and frequency of natural hazard events typically related? | Inversely related |
| 9. Why did New Orleans suffer devastating flooding during Hurricane Katrina? | regional subsidence Compaction and sinking wetlands. Levee failure. |
| 10. Why is historic data studied for natural hazards? | Measuring rates of change locations of past hazards recurrence intervals |
| 1. Hurricane Katrina did not hit New Orleans directly. What were some of the reasons that New Orleans suffered devastating flooding? | Levee failure Compaction and sinking of wetlands Regional subsidence |
| 2. Natural hazards are not always harmful. What are some ways they can have beneficial outcomes? | Flushes away pollutants Creates new land. Movement of sand along beaches Supplies nutrients to the soil. |
| 3. Shale is a strong rock type on which to build structures. | False |
| 4. To what does the concept of acceptable risk refer? | The risk that society or individuals are willing to endure |
| 5. Why is history important in understanding natural hazards? | Most natural hazards are repetitive events |
| 6. Why are precursor events important? | Precursor events provide warning that a hazardous process is becoming active |
| 7. Population increase is important because it buffers the impacts of hazardous events. | False |
| 8. Land use planning is an important anticipatory response to natural hazards. | True |
| 9. How does a catastrophe differ from a disaster? | Damages from a catastrophe are of such a magnitude to require a long recovery period |
| 10. Why are hazard warnings sometimes problematic? | Warnings are occasionally inaccurate |
| 1. Shake maps are used to predict where shaking is likely to occur in a future earthquake. | True |
| 2. The major goal of the U.S. earthquake hazard reduction program is to: | Reduce earthquake hazards through understanding of risks and prediction of hazards |
| 3. Tsunamis are only a hazard near their source. | False |
| 4. Tsunamis can cause damage thousands of miles from their source. | True |
| 5. Bedrock, because of its strength and rapid transmittal of seismic waves, increases the amplitude of those waves. | False |
| 6. Tsunamis are generated by: | Vertical displacement of ocean water |
| 7. Buried faults are typically associated with folds in sedimentary rocks. | True |
| 8. Tectonic creep is the major cause of earthquakes in coastal California. | False |
| 9. What are some secondary and tertiary effects of earthquakes? | Diseases Tsunamis Landslides Liquefaction |
| 10. What are some of the things being monitored in an attempt to predict short-term earthquake occurrence? | Deformation of ground surface Seismic gaps along faluts Abnormal animal behaivor Helium gas emissions Frequency and distribution pattern of foreshocks |
| 2. Which of the following are types of faults? | Reverse Transform Normal |
| 3. Bedrock, because of its strength and rapid transmittal of seismic waves, increases the amplitude of those waves. | False |
| 4. P-waves travel faster than surface waves. | True |
| 5. The magnitude of an earthquake is a function of its location. | False |
| 6. Tsunamis are generated by: | Vertical displacement of ocean water |
| 7. A strike-slip fault has what type of motion? | Horizontal |
| 8. Tsunamis can cause damage thousands of miles from their source. | True |
| 9. Tsunamis are only a hazard near their source. | False |
| 10. Surface waves are produced when: | P- and S-waves reach the surface and travel along the surface |
| 1. A lahar is produced when: | Ash and other pyroclastic ejecta become saturated with water |
| 2. Volcanic domes form on oceanic plates above hotspots. | False |
| 3. Composite volcanoes/stratovolcanoes consist almost completely of lava flows. | False |
| 4. Mid-ocean ridge volcanism produces what type of volcanic rock? | Basalt |
| 5. The shape of shield volcanoes is a function of: | Lava viscosity |
| 6. A shield volcano is typically andesitic in composition. | False |
| 7. Ash flows are rarely dangerous. | False |
| 8. Why are most active volcanoes associated with plate tectonic boundaries? | Spreading or sinking plates interact at plate boundaries with other materials to produce magma |
| 9. The potential for volcanic activity is present where in the United States? | TThe big isalnd of Hawaii Many of the Hawaiian islands Washington State Northern California Yellowstone The Aleutian Islands and adjacent areas of Alaska Oregon |
| 10. Which of the following are types of volcanoes? | Mt. St. Helen Kilauea Strato- or compositite volcanoes Shield volcanoes Cinder cones |
| 1. Composite cones/stratovolcanoes typically are associated with what type of plate tectonic feature? | Subduction zone |
| 2. Ash flows are rarely dangerous. | False |
| 3. Why are most active volcanoes associated with plate tectonic boundaries? | Spreading or sinking plates interact at plate boundaries with other materials to produce magma |
| 4. What is the principal difference between craters and calderas? | Calderas are much larger depressions created by collapse of the upper portions of the volcano |
| 5. What is one reason that ash fall is such a significant hazard? | The weight of the ash can cause structural damage to buildings |
| 6. A lahar is produced when: | Ash and other pyroclastic ejecta become saturated with water |
| 7. Seismic activity serves as a tool of volcanic forecasting because: | Moving magma causes earthquakes |
| 8. A shield volcano is typically andesitic in composition. | False |
| 9. The potential for volcanic activity is evaluated by monitoring what parameters? | Ground elevation monitoring Air monitoring for volcanic gas emmissions Seismic activity ground temperature changes |
| 10. Hazards associated with volcanic activity include: | Ash clouds Tsunamis Landslides Lahars Toxic gases Climate Change |
| 2. The 1980 eruption of Mt. St. Helens produced large lava flows that filled the nearby river valleys. | False |
| 3. Ash flows are rarely dangerous. | False |
| 4. Hundreds of residents near a dormant volcano at Lake Nyos died when: | A dense cloud of volcanic gas was released |
| 6. What is one reason that ash fall is such a significant hazard? | The weight of the ash can cause structural damage to buildings |
| 7. The number of fatalities from the Mt. Pinatubo eruption was relatively low because: | The eruption was predicted successfully, and the area was evacuated |
| 8. Seismic activity serves as a tool of volcanic forecasting because: | Moving magma causes earthquakes |
| 10. Which are the most common products that erupt from a volcano? | Lava Gases Pyroclastic debris Lahars |
| 1. What is the best description of the "10-year flood"? | A flood that has a 10% chance of occurring each year |
| 2. The portion of rainfall that flows off the land and directly into a river is called: | Runoff |
| 3. The total load of sediment that a river carries in a given period of time is called: | Capasity |
| 4. The suspended load of most rivers consists mostly of: | Slit and clay |
| 5. The degree of urbanization consists of: | Percentage of impervious cover and the percentage of area served by storm sewers |
| 6. Why is flood hazard mapping considered an important step in floodplain management? | Flood hazard mapping guides appropriate development in the floodplain |
| 7. What type of river channel is characterized by multiple channels and gravel bars? | Braided |
| 8. Flood hazards are increased by which of the following? | Urban build-up Increase in impervious land cover |
| 9. What information is needed to calculate the discharge of a river in units of volume/time? | The velocity of the water The width of the river The average depth of the River |
| 10. Efforts to reduce damage due to floods include which of the following? | Floodplain regulation Installation of flood-control structures Channelization of streams Reconstruction and protection of wetlands Encouraging development near rivers |
Created by:
user-1986893
Popular Earth Science sets