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Astronomy Unit 3 SEM

Sun, Earth, Moon, Tides, Seasons

QuestionAnswer
Apparent Movement The way an object seems to move across the sky due to Earth's rotation or orbit, even though it may not actually be moving that way.
Sunrise The moment each day when the Sun first appears above the horizon in the east.
Sunset The moment each day when the Sun disappears below the horizon in the west.
Constellations Groups of stars that form patterns in the night sky, often named after mythological characters, animals, or objects.
Planetary Movement The motion of planets as they orbit the Sun and appear to shift positions in the sky over time.
Astronomical Unit (AU) A unit of measurement used in astronomy equal to the average distance between Earth and the Sun, about 93 million miles (150 million kilometers).
Tidally Locked A situation where one side of a moon always faces the planet it orbits because its rotation period equals its orbital period.
Synchronous Orbit An orbit in which a satellite (like the Moon) rotates at the same rate it orbits, keeping the same face toward the planet.
Resonance A gravitational interaction that causes two orbiting bodies to exert regular, periodic influence on each other.
Crescent A phase of the Moon where only a thin sliver is visible, either waxing (growing) or waning (shrinking).
Gibbous A phase of the Moon where more than half is illuminated but it is not yet full (waxing or waning).
Waxing The phase where the visible portion of the Moon is increasing.
Waning The phase where the visible portion of the Moon is decreasing.
New Moon The Moon phase when the Moon is between Earth and the Sun, and the side facing Earth is not illuminated.
Full Moon The Moon phase when the entire face of the Moon is illuminated as seen from Earth.
Lunar Eclipse An event where Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon, casting a shadow on the Moon.
Earth-Moon System The combined gravitational and orbital relationship between Earth and its moon.
Perigee The point in the Moon's orbit when it is closest to Earth.
Apogee The point in the Moon's orbit when it is farthest from Earth.
Gravity A force of attraction between objects with mass; responsible for orbits, tides, and more.
Spring Tides Tides that have the greatest range, occurring during full and new moons when the Sun, Earth, and Moon are aligned.
Perihelion The point in Earth's orbit when it is closest to the Sun (occurs in early January).
Aphelion The point in Earth's orbit when it is farthest from the Sun (occurs in early July).
Summer Solstice The longest day of the year, occurring around June 21 in the Northern Hemisphere, when the North Pole is tilted closest to the Sun.
Winter Solstice The shortest day of the year, occurring around December 21 in the Northern Hemisphere, when the North Pole is tilted farthest from the Sun.
Vernal Equinox The first day of spring (around March 20), when day and night are about equal in length.
Autumnal Equinox The first day of fall (around September 22), when day and night are about equal in length.
Umbra The darkest part of a shadow where all light is blocked during an eclipse.
Penumbra The lighter, outer part of a shadow where only some of the light is blocked during an eclipse.
Annular Eclipse A solar eclipse where the Moon is too far from Earth to completely cover the Sun, leaving a "ring of fire" visible.
Partial Eclipse An eclipse in which only a part of the Sun or Moon is obscured by the other body.
Total Eclipse An eclipse in which the Sun or Moon is completely covered by the other body.
Axis of Rotation An imaginary line through a planet on which it spins; Earth’s tilt on its axis causes seasons.
Ecliptic The path the Sun appears to follow across the sky, caused by Earth's orbit around it.
Angle of Incidence The angle at which sunlight hits Earth’s surface; affects the intensity of solar energy received.
Created by: andrewpiraino25
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