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Ayana Jackson

Organization of the Human Body Set 1

TermDefinition
Anatomy The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts.
Physiology The study of how body parts function and work together.
Homeostasis The maintenance of a stable internal environment in the body.
Cell The basic structural and functional unit of life.
Tissue A group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function.
Organ A structure composed of two or more tissue types that work together.
Organ System A group of organs that perform related functions and achieve a common goal.
Organism A living being that maintains homeostasis and carries out vital life processes.
Gross Anatomy The study of large, easily observable body structures.
Microscopic Anatomy The study of structures too small to be seen without a microscope.
Cytology The study of cells.
Histology The study of tissues.
Levels of Organization The hierarchy from chemical → cellular → tissue → organ → system →organism.
Metabolism All chemical reactions that occur in the body to maintain life.
Catabolism The breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy.
Anabolism The building up of complex molecules from simpler ones, requiring energy.
Homeostatic Imbalance A disturbance in homeostasis that can lead to disease or dysfunction.
Negative Feedback A control mechanism that reduces the effect of the original stimulus.
Positive Feedback A mechanism that amplifies or reinforces the original stimulus.
Anatomical Position The body standing erect, facing forward, arms at sides, palms forward.
Superior Toward the head or upper part of a structure.
Inferior Away from the head or toward the lower part of a structure.
Anterior Toward the front of the body.
Posterior Toward the back of the body.
Medial Toward the midline of the body.
Lateral Away from the midline of the body.
Proximal Closer to the origin of a body part or point of attachment.
Distal Farther from the origin of a body part or point of attachment.
Superficial Toward or at the body surface.
Deep Away from the body surface; more internal.
Dorsal Cavity Body cavity that contains the brain and spinal cord.
Ventral Cavity Body cavity that contains thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic organs.
Thoracic Cavity Contains the heart and lungs.
Abdominopelvic Cavity Contains digestive, urinary, and reproductive organs.
Diaphragm Muscle separating thoracic and abdominal cavities; aids in breathing.
Homeostatic Control Mechanism Includes receptor, control center, and effector to maintain stability.
Created by: user-1988369
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