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NURS 251
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Epidermis | continuously sheds, regenerates every 4 weeks, thinnest layer |
| dermis | consists of collagen, blood vessels, hair follicles, sweat glands, pain receptors |
| subcutaneous | consists of loose connective tissue and adipose tissue, heat insulator |
| functions of the skin | largest organ, protection, prevents fluid loss, regulation of body temp |
| skin color expectations | uniform throughout the body, hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation |
| skin color unexpected | color changes |
| skin texture/moisture expectations | smooth and uniformly dry, acne, wrinkles, scars |
| skin texture/moisture unexpected | velvety skin, diaphoresis |
| skin integrity expectations | smooth and intact |
| skin integrity unexpected | lesions, pressure injuries, potentially malignant |
| primary lesions | macule, papule, plaque, nodule, wheal, vesicle, bulla, cyst, pustule |
| secondary lesions | scale, crust, erosion, ulcer, scar, lichenification, excoriation, fissure, atrophy |
| macule | skin color change without elevation, flat |
| papule | elevated, solid lesion less than 1 cm |
| plaque | raised, flat lesions |
| nodule | raised solid lesion deep into the dermis |
| wheal | elevated skin that is irregularly shaped because of edema |
| vesicle | elevated lesion containing serous fluid, less than 1 cm |
| bulla | elevate, fluid filled lesion greater than 1 cm |
| cyst | elevated, thick walled lesion with fluid or semisolid material |
| pustule | elevated less than 1 cm with purulent material |
| scale | dried fragments of epidermal cells |
| crust | dried serum, sebum, blood, or pus on skin surface |
| erosion | moist, depressed area due to loss of partial or full thickness epidermis |
| ulcer | irregularly shaped depressed lesion in which epidermis and all parts of dermis are lost |
| scar | mark left on skin after healing |
| lichenification | thickening of epidermal tissue resulting in elevated plaque with skin markings |
| excoriation | superficial, linear, abrasion of epidermis |
| fissure | deep linear split through epidermis to dermis |
| atrophy | wasting of epidermis in which the skin appears thick and transparent |
| Braden scale | predicting pressure score risk |
| risk factors for Braden scale | sensory perception, mobility, moisture, activity, nutrition, friction and shear |
| ABCDE of skin cancer | asymmetry, border irregularity, color, diameter, evolving |
| skin temp expectations | warm and consistent, or cool/warm depending on environment |
| skin temp unexpected | hyperthermia and hypothermia |
| skin mobility and turgor expected | rise easy and return rapidly, decreased turgor in older adults |
| skin mobility and turgor unexpected | tenting and edema |
| hair expectations | clean, smooth, shiny, evenly distributed with differences in older people like thinning |
| hair unexpected | patchy hair loss, dirty, infestations |
| nail expectations | slightly curved or flat, base smooth and rounded, translucent, capillary refill less than 2 seconds |
| nail unexpected | brown with linear streaks, cyanosis, clubbed, jagged, pitting or spoon, delayed capillary refill |
Created by:
mnp5291
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