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AP Bio - Cell Trans
Mrs. Welch's AP Bio - Cell transport and photosynthesis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Main component of the cell membrane | phospholipids |
| steroid molecule that gives strength to the cell membrane | cholesterol |
| molecule on the outside of the peripheral proteins that aids in cell recognition | carbohydrate chains |
| model that describes the arrangement of molecules in the cell membrane | fluid mosaic model |
| allows some, but not all, materials to pass | differentially permeable |
| a protein that detects a signal molecule and performs an action in response | receptor |
| movement of molecules across a membrane without the input of energy | passive transport |
| movement of molecules in a fluid or gas from an area of high concentration to low concentration without the use of energy | diffusion |
| difference in concentration of a substance from one location to another | concentration gradient |
| movement of water from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration | osmosis |
| diffusion of molecules across a membrane through a transport protein | facilitated diffusion |
| solution with the same concentration as the cell | isotonic |
| solution with more solutes than the cell | hypertonic |
| solution with fewer solutes than the cell | hypotonic |
| movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration with the use of energy | active transport |
| energy-carrying molecule in the cell | ATP |
| process of taking materials into the cell by engulfing with a membrane | endocytosis |
| process of taking solid particles into the cell - "cell eating" | phagocytosis |
| process of taking liquids into the cell - "cell drinking" | pinocytosis |
| process of expelling materials from the cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the membrane | exocytosis |
| which direction water moves in a hypertonic solution | out of the cell |
| which direction water moves in a hypotonic solution | into the cell |
| which direction water moves in an isotonic solution | no net movement |
| proteins that allow a particular molecule to cross the membrane | channel protein |
| how many sodium molecules cross out of the cell in the sodium-potassium pump | 3 |
| how many potassium molecules cross into the cell in the sodium-potassium pump | 2 |
| glycoproteins that allow the body's immune system to distinguish between foreign invaders and body cells | cell recognition proteins |
| proteins that carry out specific metabolic reactions | enzymatic proteins |
| strength of a solution with respect to osmotic pressure | tonicity |
| shrinking of the cytoplasm due to osmosis in a hypertonic solution | plasmolysis |
| cell junctions that firmly attach cells where tissues stretch (ie, bladder, stomach, heart) | adhesion junctions |
| single point of attachment between cells | desmosomes |
| cell junctions that hold cells together tightly and make barriers (ie, lining of stomach, kidneys, blood-brain barrier) | tight junctions |
| cell junction that allows cells to communicate (ie, flow of ions in the heart and smooth muscles for contraction) | gap junctions |
| cell junctions that allow plant cells to communicate | plasmodesmata |
| fluid-filled space in the chloroplast | stroma |
| flattened sacs in the chloroplast | thylakoids |
| stacks of thylakoids in the chloroplast | grana |
| main pigment in plants | chlorophyll a |
| two colors best absorbed by chlorophyll a | red and blue |
| color of carotenoids | red-orange |
| color of xanthophylls | yellow |
| graph of the portions of visible light absorbed by the pigment | absorption spectrum |
| graph of the photosynthetic activity of a pigment across the visible light spectrum | action spectrum |
| where in the chloroplast that light reactions take place | thylakoid membrane |
| where in the chloroplast that dark reactions take place | stroma |
| which reaction: chlorophyll absorbs energy and energizes electrons | light reaction |
| which reaction: uses NADPH and ATP to reduce CO2 | dark reaction |
| which reaction: makes ATP | light reaction (both cyclic and noncyclic) |
| which reaction: makes NADPH | light reaction |
| which reaction: makes glucose | dark reaction |
| which reaction: uses water | light reaction |
| which reaction: uses CO2 | dark reaction |
| which reaction: uses RUBP | dark reaction |
| a photosynthetic unit comprised of a pigment complex and an electron acceptor | photosystem |
| what molecule splits to make oxygen | water |
| what enzyme makes ATP | ATP synthase |
| molecule that attaches to CO2 in CO2 fixation | RuBP |
| enzyme that increases the speed of CO2 fixation | rubisco |
| plant that contains parallel layers of mesophyll cells in the leaves | C3 plant |
| plant that has chloroplasts in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells | C4 plant |
| plant that uses RuBP carboxylase (rubisco) to fix CO2 to RuBP | C3 plant |
| plant that uses PEP carboxylase (PEPCase) to fix CO2 to PEP | C4 plant |
| plant that open stomates only at night | CAM |
| corn is what type of plant | C4 |
| cactus is what type of plant | CAM |
Created by:
mrsjwelch
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