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Earth Science Gr7
Chapter 22
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| spectroscope | an instrument that spreads light into different wavelengths |
| astronomical unit | the average distance from Earth to the Sun--about 150 million km |
| light-year | the distance light travels in one year |
| apparent magnitude | a measure of how bright an object appears from Earth |
| luminosity | the true brightness of an object |
| nuclear fusion | a process that occurs when the nuclei of several atoms combine into one larger nucleus |
| star | a large sphere of hydrogen gas, held together by gravity, that is hot enough for nuclear reactions to occur in its core |
| radiative zone | a shell of cooler hydrogen above a star's core |
| convection zone | layer of a star where hot gas moves up toward the surface and cooler gas moves deeper into the interior |
| photosphere | the apparent surface of a star |
| chromosphere | the orange-red layer above the photosphere of a star |
| corona | the wide, outermost layer of a star's atmosphere |
| Hertzsprung-Russel diagram | a graph that plots luminosity v. temperature of stars |
| nebula | a cloud of gas and dust |
| white dwarf | a hot, dense, slowly cooling sphere of carbon |
| supernova | an enormous explosion that destroys a star |
| neutron star | a dense core of neutrons that remains after a supernova |
| black hole | an object whose gravity is so great that no light can escape |
| galaxy | a huge collection of stars, gas, and dust |
| dark matter | matter that emits no light at any wavelength |
| Big Bang theory | the scientific theory that states that the universe began from one point and has been expanding and cooling ever since |
| Doppler shift | the shift to a different wavelength on the electromagnetic spectrum |