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FYS Study Guide
Study Guide: Exam on Greek Religion and Sacred Space
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Kurios | Head of household; acted as priest for family cults |
| Household deities | 1. Hestia 2. Zeus Ktesios 3. Apollo Agyieus |
| Hestia | Goddess of the hearth, central to every home |
| Zeus Ktesios | God of household storage and prosperity (jar filled with seeds, water, oil) |
| Apollo Agyieus | Protective pillar at the doorway |
| Household rituals | Libations, sacrifices, small shrines, daily prayers |
| Role of women | Maintained the hearth fire, participated in household cults |
| Marriage ceremony | The separate days of the wedding and what is done and by whom on each day |
| A sanctuary | 1. Required two elements: an altar and a temenos (boundary). 2. Temenos marked sacred vs. profane space (protection/asylum within). |
| Altars | Focal point of worship; sacrifices made to gods here. |
| Chthonic deities | Offerings in pits (bothroi) or ground openings (esharai). |
| Ouranic deities | Sacrifices on raised altars facing east |
| Propyla | Gateway marking entrance into sacred space |
| Temples | Housed cult statues, dedications, and sometimes civic records |
| Purification | Perirrhanterion basins for ritual washing; pollution included childbirth, death, crime, sex, etc. |
| Priests/Priestesses | Caretakers of sanctuaries, selected by lot in democratic periods. |
| Festivals and Dedications | Offerings, votives, food, dances, and theatre to honor gods |
| Funerary Rituals | 1. Prothesis 2. Ekphora 3. Internment |
| Prothesis | Laying out of the body, mourning (mainly by women). |
| Ekphora | Funeral procession to cemetery |
| Internment | Burial/cremation with grave goods |
| Burial customs | 1. Grave goods (pottery, jewelry, coins). 2. Charon’s obol placed in mouth or on eyes to pay ferryman into Underworld. 3. Athenian cemetery: Kerameikos. |
| Geometric period Grave Markers | Amphoras (female burials), kraters (male burials). |
| Archaic/Classical Period Grave Markers | Stelai and kouroi statues. |
| Homer Afterlife beliefs | Shadowy, powerless existence in Hades. |
| Afterlife beliefs Later | Division into Tartarus (punishment) vs. Elysian Fields (reward) |
| Afterlife beliefs Mystery Cults | Eleusinian Mysteries of Demeter and Persephone) promised rebirth and salvation. |
| Afterlife beliefs Punishment in Hades | Sisyphus (eternal boulder), Tantalus (eternal thirst/hunger). |
| Minoans/Mycenaeans | Worshipped in open-air shrines, caves, and megarons. |
| Greek Worship Style Origins | Early temples (8th c. BC): apsidal or rectangular shrines, built of mudbrick/wood with stone bases. |
| Temple Parts | ○ Naos (Cella): main chamber for cult statue. ○ Pronaos: porch before naos. ○ Column: ○ Ambulatory ○ Pediment ○ Stylobate: top platform step. ○ Entasis: column swelling to correct optical illusion. |
| Doric | No base, 20 (or 21) flutes, triglyphs + metopes, plain capital. |
| Ionic | Slender, has base, 24 flutes, volutes, continuous frieze, more decorative. |
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