Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Biology Exam 2
Exam 2 Study Stack
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chemical energy is a form of _____ energy. | potential |
| In your body, what process converts the chemical energy found in glucose into the chemical process found in ATP? | cellular respiration |
| Which of the following statements about equilibrium of chemical reactions is correct? | A reaction that is at equilibrium is not capable of doing any work. |
| What is the fate of the phosphate group that is removed when ATP is converted to ADP? | It is acquired by a reactant in an endergonic reaction |
| Consider a situation in which the enzyme is operating at optimum temperature and pH, and has been saturated with substrate. What is your best option for increasing the rate of the reaction? | Increase the enzyme concentration |
| Which two domains consist of prokaryotic cells? | Bacteria and Archaea |
| Which structure is common in all three domains of life? | plasma membrane |
| Which of the following statements best describes one major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? | Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not |
| A major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is the location of their DNA. Which best describes this difference? | In a eukaryotic cell, most of the DNA is in an organelle called the nucleus which is bounded by a double membrane, whereas in a prokaryotic cell, the DNA is located in a region that is not membrane enclosed |
| Larger organisms have larger cells | False |
| The plasma membranes main function is to _____ | Act as a selective barrier |
| What are the internal compartments in a cell called? | Organelles |
| What structure encloses the nucleus? | Nuclear Envelope |
| What does the nucleus house? | DNA |
| Why does DNA associate with proteins to form chromatin? | Condenses the DNA into manageable structures |
| What structure makes proteins? | Ribosomes |
| Why are ribosomes not considered organelles? | They are not membrane bound |
| Which of the following is/are not members of the endomembrane system? | Nucleus |
| The organelles within the endomembrane system are all related via _____ | Direct contact or vesicles |
| The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) accounts for more than half the ____ | Total membrane |
| The ____ ER has ribosomes bound to its surface, and therefore protein synthesis ____ occur here | Rough, does |
| Which of the following is not a function of the smooth ER? | Synthesizes proteins |
| The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is abundant in liver cells and primarily responsible for detoxification processes? | smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
| Products of the ____ are modified and stored and then sent to other destinations via ____ | ER, Golgi apparatus |
| What is the main function of a lysosome? | Holding digestive enzymes |
| What would most likely happen if there was a mutation that prevented the Golgi apparatus from functioning properly? | Proteins would be sent to the wrong location |
| What is NOT considered evidence of endosymbiotic theory? | The mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes are circular. Both the matrix and stromal spaces of these organelles contain types of soluble proteins |
| Disruptions of the function of which organelle would result in a dramatic decrease in ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells? | Mitochondria |
| What is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton? | Maintains chemical equilibrium |
| What is not a molecular structure in the cytoskeleton? | Macrofibers |
| What is not an extracellular structure? | Ribosomes |
| You are working on a team that is designing a new drug. For this drug to work, it must enter the cytoplasm of specific target cells. What would be a factor that determines whether the molecule selectively enters the target cells? | The similarity of the drug molecule to other molecules that are transported into the target cells |
| What BEST describes the structure of a biological membrane? | Two layers of phospholipids, with proteins either crossing the layers or on the surface of the layers |
| What is LEAST likely to be important in holding the components of a biological membrane together? | Covalent interactions between the phospholipid and protein components of the membrane |
| The permeability of a biological membrane to a specific polar solute may depend on what? | The types of transport proteins in the membrane |
| What is a correct statement about osmosis? | The presence of aquaporins (proteins that form water channels in the membrane) speeds up the process of osmosis? |
| What best describes some aspect of exocytosis or endocytosis? | Exocytosis and endocytosis change the surface area of the plasma membrane |
| Active and passive transport of solutes across a membrane typically differ in what way? | Active transport always involves the utilization of cellular energy, whereas passive transport does not require cellular energy |
| ____ molecules pass through lipid bilayers easily | Hydrophobic |
| The closing of aquaporins on the surface of a cell would most likely cause what? | Water to stop entering and leaving the cell |
| True or false: proteins are evenly distributed throughout the cell membrane | False |
| True or false: diffusion is passive | True |
| Osmosis is the diffusion of water from | Lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration |
| What type of solution will have no net movement of water into or out of a cell? | Isotonic |
| Membranes are held together mainly by ____ | Hydrophobic interactions |
| How does the type of fatty acid influence membrane fluidity? | Membranes rich in unsaturated fatty acids are more fluid than those rich in saturated fatty acids |
| Most biological membranes are made from what biological macromolecules, and what type specifically? | Lipids, phospholipids |
| Facilitated diffusion ____ energy, and is therefore ____ | Does not require, passive |
| The Electrochemical gradient drives the diffusion of what? | Ions |
| What best describes metabolism? | Metabolism consists of all the energy transformation reactions in an organism |
| What term most precisely identifies the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones? | Catabolism (catabolic pathways) |
| Living things use energy released from ____ reactions to power ____ reactions | Catabolic, anabolic |
| What best summarizes an important consequence of the first law of thermodynamics for living organisms? | Each organism ultimately must obtain all of the necessary energy for life form its environment |
| The second law of thermodynamics states that | Transfer of energy increases the entropy of the universe |
| True or false: spontaneous processes require energy | False |
| ΔG is negative for | Spontaneous reactions |
| True or false: equilibrium is a state of minimum stability | False |
| In Endergonic reactions, the products have | More energy than the reactants |
| ATP releases energy when the phosphate bond is broken by ____ | Hydrolysis |
| Phosphorylation is | The transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to another molecule, and powers endergonic reactions |
| Phosphorylation intermediate, is ____ than the original molecule | More reactive |
| What is the initial energy needed to break bonds of the reactants called? | Activation energy |
| When reactions are slow, why can't cells just increase the heat? | Adding heat could denature proteins |
| An enzyme catalyzes a reaction by lowering | Activation energy |
| You are interested in catalyzing a specific reaction with an enzyme but the reaction is very slow. You find out that the issue is due to a competitive inhibitor. What can you do to speed up this reaction? | Increasing the substrate concentration |
| What happens to enzymes exposed to temperatures beyond their optimum temperature? | They denature |
Created by:
UkiyosDomain
Popular Biology sets