Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
MB- Chapter 3 part 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are enzymes? | a biological catalyst |
| what do enzymes do? | affects the kinetics of the reaction in both directions |
| how do enzymes work | speed up chemical reactions |
| How do reactions with a positive delta G occur in the cell? | Reactions with a positive delta G, which are endergonic, can occur in the cell by coupling with a more favorable reaction with a negative delta G |
| Be able to explain a reaction at equilibrium, know what happens when Delta G = 0. | cells cannot work at equilibrium |
| Why does the cell not work at equilibrium? | it needs the exchange to continue doing work. |
| Know what activated energy carriers are. | molecules that store and release free energy |
| Be able to give examples of activated energy carriers | ATP, NADH, NADPH, NADP+, |
| Know examples of the active energy carriers when they are reduced and their oxidized counterparts. | NADP+ is an oxidizing agent–it becomes reduced in order to oxidize something else. NADPH is a reducing agent–becoming oxidized in order to reduce something else. |
| Understand where glucose comes from, and that photosynthesis and cellular respiration are inverse processes. | glucose comes from photosynthesis the reactants of photosynthesis are the products of cell respiration and vis versa |
| Understand the purpose of cellular respiration—i.e. | the controlled breakdown of glucose to extract and capture energy that can then be used to fuel cellular reactions. |
| Know the general structure of a mitochondrion– outer membrane, inner membrane, intermembrane space, and matrix | look at on slides |
| Be able to describe in detail what occurs during steps 6 of glycolysis, | An aldehyde (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate) is oxidized to a carboxylic acid (3-phophoglycerate), and the energy released is captured in the form of an NADH (step 6). 2 NADH are produced in this step per glucose. |
| Know how oxidation and reduction are used in all processes of aerobic and anaerobic respiration to generate activated energy carriers. glycolysis | the oxidation of an aldehyde to a carboxylic acid releases energy much of which is captured in the activated carries ATPand NADH |
| Know how fats are broken down for energy when needed (i.e., fatty-acid oxidation) and where this takes place in the cell. | Polysaccharides and fats are preferred to be broken down and as they are broken down, they release monomers that can be used in the central metabolic pathways. |
| Understand that the electron transport chain (ETC) allows NADH and FADH2 to get rid of their high-energy electrons (so they are oxidized and reused). | where the electrons from NADH and FADH2 are passed along from one electron transport chain member to the next, until it gets to the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain: oxygen. |
| Understand how ATP synthase works (generally speaking) to harness the energy of the proton gradient to generate ATP. | |
| How do the terms substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation describe how ATP production happens during cellular respiration? | Substrate-level phosphorylation = direct ATP formation from a substrate. Oxidative phosphorylation = ATP formation powered by electron transport and a proton gradient. |
| Understand that the movement of electrons through the ETC powers the proton gradient which then powers ATP production via ATP synthase. | So, the movement of electrons powers the proton gradient, and the gradient powers ATP production. |
| Be able to describe in detail what occurs during steps 6 of glycolysis, continued | A covalent bond is formed between glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (the substrate) and the –SH group of a side chain of the enzyme glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, which also binds noncovalently to NAD+ |
| Be able to describe in detail what occurs during steps 7 of glycolysis | 2 ATP are produced during this step per glucose molecule. Phosphates are transferred to ADP from one of the substrates in the pathway creating ATP. |
| Be able to describe in detail what occurs during steps 7 of glycolysis, continued | This is called substrate-level phosphorylation of ATP, as ATP is made without the electron transport chain in this step. ATP is also made by substrate-level phosphorylation in step 10 of glycolysis. |
| Know how oxidation and reduction are used in all processes of aerobic and anaerobic respiration to generate activated energy carriers. pyruvate oxidation | If oxygen is present, then pyruvate is further oxidized via aerobic respiration. In a process called pyruvate oxidation. If oxygen is absent, then pyruvate is subjected to fermentation–another anaerobic process. |
Created by:
collinge
Popular Biology sets