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Chapter 5 - Biology
Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Active Transport | Substance is moved against or up their concentration gradient (molecule is moved from low to high concentration) - Energy is used (ATP) - Transport across the membrane require energy |
| Aquaporin | Some water can cross the bilayer - water moved through special channel protein |
| Carrier Protein and Carrier protein | help molecules to move across the membrane |
| Diffusion | Molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until equal concentration throughout is reached - Passive transport - Energy comes from natural vibration of all molecules - Can occur across membrane |
| Concentration Gradient | A solute is present in differing concentration in solvent. (Often on two different sides of a membrane) |
| Electrochemical Gradient | Arise from combined effects of concentration gradient and electrical gradients |
| Endocytosis | Cell takes in large particles or lots of things at once - Active transport, requires energy from cell - engulfed particles are transported into the cell inside vesicles |
| Exocytosis | Move material out of the cell - Active transport, requires energy from cell - Cell use energy to dispose of undigested particles of waste or to secrete substance |
| Facilitated Transport | Occurs when they move down a concentration gradient through integral membrane protein (Channel protein or Carrier protein) - No energy used, protein allow diffusion to occur - Passive transport |
| Fluid Mosaic Model | Phospholipid bilayer: Flexible, fluid membrane that changes shape, each phospholipid can move around within the membrane. - The move bends (double bond) more fluid/flexible the membrane will be |
| Glycoprotein | On the surface on phospholipid bilayers, Example include this in receptors and recognition protei |
| Hydrophilic | Solute can be dissolved |
| Hydrophobic | Solute cannot be dissolved |
| Hypertonic | Solution with less water /more solutes - Water will exit the cell, the cell volume decrease - water move from area of more water to area in of less water out |
| Hypotonic | Solution with more water/less solutes - Water will enter/cell volume increases - Water move from area of more water out to inside - Can burst the cell if no cell wall |
| Integral Protein | Cross through the entire membrane (channel protein and carrier protein) |
| Isotonic | solution is equal all side - no changes to the cell or volume to it |
| Osmolarity | term for the total solute concentration of a solution |
| Osmosis | diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane - special type of diffusion - high water concentration to the side with lower water concentration |
| Passive transport | substance move down their concentration gradient - no energy needed - three types of this |
| Peripheral protein | only on one side (inside or outside of a membrane) on phospholipid bilayer |
| phospholipid bilayer | all cell membrane has this - double row of phospholipid - polar head face outward - non-polar inside the membrane - cholesterol in animal membrane keep them flexible |
| plasmolysis | without enough water the membrane and cell contents inside the cell shrinks and the membrane detaches from the cell wall |
| selective permeable | some molecules can pass, others cannot |
| Sodium potassium pump | sodium is concentrated one side while potassium is concentrated on the other side of the membrane - important for maintaining nerve signaling, heart contractions and other body function |
| Solute | a substance that can be dissolved in a solvent |
| Transport protein | diffuse across a membrane through channel and carrier protein |
Created by:
Khanlena
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