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bio Unit 4 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| asexual reproduction | process for reproduction involving a single parent that result in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent |
| allele | one of a number of different forms of a gene |
| anaphase | phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell |
| apoptosis | process of programmed cell death |
| binary fission | type of asexual reproduction in which in organism replicates its DNA and divides in half, producing two identical daughter cells |
| cell cycle | series of events in which a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells |
| centromere | region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach |
| cell division | process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells |
| centriole | structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division |
| chromatin | substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly coiled around histones |
| chromatid | one of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome |
| chromosome | threadlike structure of DNA and protein that contains genetic information; in eukaryotes, chromosomes are found in the nucleus; in prokaryotes, they are found in the cytoplasm |
| cytokinesis | division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells |
| growth factor | one of a group of external regulatory proteins that stimulate the growth and division of cells |
| histones | protein molecules |
| interphase | period of the cell cycle between cell divisions |
| metaphase | phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell |
| mitosis | part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides |
| prophase | first and longest phase of mitosis in which the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and the chromosomes become visible |
| sexual reproduction | type of reproduction in which cells from two parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism |
| sister chromatids | two identical copies of a duplicated chromosome, joined at the centromere, that separate during cell division (mitosis and meiosis) to form daughter chromosomes in new cells. |
| telomere | repetitive DNA at the end of the a eukaryotic chromosome |
| zygote | fertilized egg |
| cell plate | a dislike structure that forms in the middle of a dividing plant cell during cytokinesis |
| cleavage furrow | a shallow groove on the surface of an animal cell that deepens and pinches inward, forming the site of cytoplasmic division during cytokinesis, the final step of cell division |
| spindle fibers | microscopic, protein-based structures made of microtubules that form during cell division |
| telophase | phase of mitosis in which the distinct individual chromosomes begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin |
Created by:
lesley_j
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