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Intro to Bio Test

QuestionAnswer
Species A group of individuals whose members have the potential to interbreed and produce fertile offspring
Why can't different species produce viable/fertile offspring? They have different genetics. The chromosomes won't match up during reproduction, so the offspring will either be miscarried or born infertile.
Viable Capable of living
Fertile Capable of reproducing
How many species of plants and animals exist on the Earth today? About 8.7 million
What are the six things living beings are able to do? Eat, metabolize, excrete, grow, respond to change, and reproduce.
What does 'living things are made from building blocks' refer to? Atoms -> molecules -> cells -> tissues -> organs -> body
What is the function of DNA? Hereditary material
What is the function of proteins? Workers of the cell
What is the function of carbohydrates? Energy
What is the function of lipids? Barrier, hormones
Compare and contrast the characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus, and eukaryotes have a nucleus and organelles.
What is natural selection? Natural selection is the process in which organisms with traits better suited to their environment tend to survive and reproduce more than those without the traits.
What is evolution? Evolution is the change in heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.
How are natural selection and evolution related? Natural selection is the driving force of evolution. It favors certain traits and over time these traits become more common, leading to evolution. An example of this is bacteria evolving because of a mutation to be able to resist penicillin.
What were the TWO main points of Charles Darwin’s landmark book “On the Origin of Species”? Species change over time and natural selection is the mechanism for this change.
Why is it important that traits in individuals vary in a population? How can this lead to an increase in the number of certain individuals but not others? Variation in traits allows a population to adapt to an environment. If every individual in a population had the same traits, a threat could wipe it out instantly. However, the individuals with the traits better suited for them to survive will reproduce.
What is the difference between natural selection and artificial selection? Natural selection is when the individuals with better suited traits for a certain environment survive and reproduce, whilst artificial selection is when humans select and breed organisms with desirable traits.
Explain the following: DNA → RNA → PROTEIN DNA cannot be removed from the nucleus, so it is copied (RNA) which later is translated into proteins on the ribosomes in the cytoplasm of a cell.
What is DNA? A double-stranded helical nucleic acid molecule consisting of nucleotide monomers with deoxyribose sugar and the bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine.
What are proteins? Proteins are molecules made of amino acids that build tissues, speed up reactions, and fight germs.
What happens when digested food increases glucose in the blood? What do you think would happen to the glucose in a person who can’t make insulin due to a genetic condition? The pancreas releases insulin which helps glucose enter cells for energy. If someone cannot make insulin, glucose stays in the blood, causing high blood sugar. This causes cells to not get energy and the person can experience fatigue or fainting.
What is a hypothesis? A testable explanation based on accessible data and information
Created by: angelinastohrer
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