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Cell Organelles

AP Biology

OrganelleRoleCell Type
Nucleus The "control center" of the cell, containing the genetic material (DNA) and directing cellular activities. Eukaryotic cells.
Mitochondria The "powerhouse of the cell," converting food into energy (ATP) through cellular respiration. Eukaryotic cells.
Ribosomes Responsible for assembling proteins by reading the genetic code. Found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, as they are non-membrane-bound.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) A network of membranes that transports materials and helps in the synthesis of proteins (rough ER) and lipids (smooth ER), as well as detoxification. Eukaryotic cells.
Golgi Apparatus Receives proteins and lipids from the ER, modifies them, and packages them for transport out of the cell. Eukaryotic cells.
Lysosomes The cell's "garbage disposal," breaking down waste materials and cellular debris using enzymes. Found mainly in animal cells.
Vacuoles Membrane-bound sacs that store water, nutrients, and waste products. In plant cells, a large central vacuole helps maintain cell structure. Eukaryotic cells. Plant cells
Cytoskeleton A network of protein filaments and tubules that provides structural support, helps maintain cell shape, and is involved in cell movement. Found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, as it is non-membrane-bound.
Cell Wall Provides rigid structural support, gives shape to the cell, and protects it from mechanical stress Found in plant, algal, fungal, and bacterial cells
Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane) Acts as a selective barrier, controlling which substances enter and leave the cell. Present in all cells, including plant, animal, and prokaryotic cells.
Chloroplast Site of photosynthesis; it captures light energy and uses it to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose (sugar) and oxygen. Found in plant and algal cells.
Centriole Organizes microtubules to form the spindle fibers crucial for chromosome distribution during cell division Eukaryotic
Created by: Leo12345
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