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Chapter 4 - Biology
Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell Theory | - Every living organism is made of one or more cells - Cells are the basic unit of life - All new cells arise from preexisting |
| Cell Wall | F - Provide support/frame for organelles as well protect S - Made of polysaccharides |
| Central Vacuole | F - maintain water balance, store molecules, provide turgor pressure (push out) cytoplasm to keep stand S - Large membrane sac, filled with water and molecules |
| Chloroplast | F - where photosynthesis happens S - Has three layers --> (1) Out: keep organelle separate from cytoplasm. (2) In: Photosynthesis happens |
| Chromosome | Rod shaped structures |
| Cilium | F - Move entire cell through fluid or more fluid past cell S - Short (10 - 25 um) and numerous when present |
| Cytoplasm | F - Contained dissolved protein, amino acid, nucleic acids, fatty acids, ion, sugar, etc S - Gel like cytosol (liquid) with all organelles and structures within |
| Cytosol | Liquid portion of both pro and euk |
| Desmosome | F - Attached animal cell together S - Only in animal cells |
| Endomembrane system | Endo - internal Group of membrane and organelles inside eukaryotic cells |
| Endoplasmic reticulum | F - Work together to produce modify, package, and transport lipid and protein S - Series of connected membrane sacs and tubes |
| Eukaryote | Surrounded by a membrane and cell wall, plastid, chloroplast, and central vacuole |
| Extracellular matrix | F - Hold cells together to form a tissue and helps in cell-to-cell communication |
| Flagellum | F - Typically move cells through fluids S - Long (50 - 75 um) usually one or two present |
| Gap Junction | F - Communicate between two or more cells S - Only in animal cells |
| Golgi Apparatus | F - sort, tag, modify, and package protein and lipid before sent elsewhere S - Set of stacks flatten membrane sacs |
| Lysosome | F - Have digestive enzymes that help break down biological molecules S - small membrane sac |
| Microscope | Used to view cells and their parts |
| Mitochondria | F - Break down small biological molecules (sugar, fats, and protein) and concert their energy into ATP S - Two layers: Outer -protective enclosure and Inner has many folds and molecules for cellular respiration for function |
| Nuclear envelope | F - Protect and isolate DNA from rest of cell S - double membrane surrounding DNA (chromatin) |
| Nuclear pore | F - Allow water, ion, and small molecules in and out of nucleus S - small opening through double membrane |
| Nucleoid region | Area of cell |
| Nucleus | F - where ribosome is made, other protein is made in cytoplasm using ribosomes S - Dark circle surrounded by nuclear envelope and pore |
| Organelle | Cell organs |
| Peroxisome | F - contains molecules that breaks down fatty acids and amino acids, some can detoxify certain poison like alcohol S - Small round organelles made of one single membrane |
| Plasma membrane | F - control movement of molecules in and out of cell S - Membrane is made from a phospholipid bilayer |
| Plasmodesma Plasmodesmata (plural) | F - Communicate between two or more cells F - In plant cells |
| Prokaryote | Has specific type of vesicles and vacuoles, cilia and flagella |
| Ribosome | F - help make protein |
| Rough endoplasmic | F - Produce protein destine for other membrane or for secretion S - Membrane tube/sac with ribosomes sacs |
| Smooth endoplasmic | F - Synthesize carbohydrate lipid and steroid hormones, Detoxify some medication and poison, storage of calcium ion for contraction in muscle cells S - Membrane tube/sac with no ribosome |
| Tight junction | F - make leak proof connection between cells |
| Vacuole | F - Maintain water balance, store molecules, provide turgor pressure (make a stiffness for plants and standing) S - Large membrane sac |
| Vesicle | F - Can fuse with other membrane, used for storage or transport S - Small membrane sac - one layer of membrane |
| Both Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic has | Plasma membrane, cytoplasm consists of cytosol and other cell components, ribosomes, and cytoskeleton |
| Cytoskeleton | • F – Maintain and changing cell shape, providing movement for organelle and cell, and help on cell division • S – Three type of protein fibers |
Created by:
Khanlena
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