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EX2 Attentional Ctrl
Ex: Attentional Ctrl
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| neglect syndrome | unilateral frontal, parietal, or cingulate lesion (usually in RH): causes reduced attention to stimuli in the contralateral visual field or contralateral side objects (especially under competitive situations) |
| Balint's syndrome | bilateral posterior parietal/occipital lesion causes more severe (bilateral) attentional deficits, including the ability to focus only on one object at a time |
| neglect syndrome frames of reference | retinotopic (neglect everything in the left visual field), body centered/dressing apraxia (neglect left side of body), object-centered (neglect the left side of objects) |
| nhemispheric asymmetry in attentional functions | RH seems to be more important for attention that the LH, distribution of attentional control seems to be global for RH but contralateral for LH (easier to recover from syndrome in LH) |
| internal vs. external neglect | can be internal (memory based) or external (sensory-guided): different memories can have different viewpoints (spatial reference frames), and what is neglected depends on how the memory is recalled spatially |
| neuropsychological tests of neglect | line bisection (can reveal both object-centered and retinotopic neglect) and Mesulam's letter cancellation (only retinotopic neglect), clock and object copying (can reveal retinotopic and object-centered neglect) |
| neglect from semantic or autobiographical memories | viewpoint-dependent (only recall what was on the right in any direction) |
| extinction (in neglect syndrome) | failure to perceive or respond to a stimulus contralateral to the lesion when presented with a simultaneous stimulus ipsilateral to the lesion (also works with touch) |
| object drawing in neglect | german artist example: was drawing only right side, indicates damage in RH (because mirrored) |
| simultagnosia | often can only attend to one object at a time, symptoms are correlated with reduced grey and white matter |
| tests for simultagnosia | navon letters test (reveals local bias in global-local tasks), dumbbell test |
| balint's syndrome symptoms | depth perception (spatial disorientation, esp. when estimating relative distances of 2 objects), optic ataxia (diff. reaching objects in space in goal-directed manner), oculomotor apraxia (diff. guiding eye movements to vis stim. in goal directed manner) |
| functional imaging studies of visuospatial attentional processess | overt (w/ eye movements) vs. covert (w/o eye movements) covert: endogenous (voluntary) vs. exogenous (reflexive) cue vs. target-related processing |
| covert and overt attentional networks | confirmed by fMRI study: during evolution covert attentional mechanisms co-opted circuitry for neural control of eye movements- can get activity in these regions even when no eye movements are planned/when task requires another action |
| temporoparietal junction (TPJ) and attentional reorienting | Right TPJ + right vlPFC invovled in reallocating attentional focus following an error signal/unexpected event- right-lateralized regardless of hemifield being attended. also occurs when rare stim. are unexpectedly encountered |
| corbettas two system (dorsal/ventral) network model for attentional control | activity in the dorsal attentional control network (in response to attention-directing cues) enhances activity in sensory regions to process features of expected targets in probable regions of space to speed reaction times/facilitate target recognition |
| dorsal vs. ventral systems for attentional operations | ventral system is more RH-lateralized and more involved in reorienting attention following novel events/errors, dorsal system executes commands to change attentional focus/eye movements |
| caused by damange to fronto-parietal networks | neglect syndrome (unilateral) or Balint's syndrome (bilateral) |
| neglect syndrome deficits/recovery | attentional deficits across multiple reference frames (body centered/object-centered/retinotopic), often recovered esp. after LH damage |
| balint's syndrome characteristics | optic ataxia, depth perception and eye movement control problems, simultagnosia |
| Van vleet reading | Alertness training improves spatial bias and functional ability in spatial neglect, TAPAT approach: Designed to sustain non-spatially lateralized attention, significantly reduced rightward spatial bias |
Created by:
justinem
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