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BIO II: Exam 2

Homeostasis and Energy

QuestionAnswer
Dynamic equilibrium Conditions vary around a central tendency but never a constant condition
Regulator vs. conformer The degree to which an organism has the ability to separate its internal environment from the external for any variable
Thermoregulation The degree to which an organism keeps their internal temperature different from the external temperature (regulators – completely independent of external temp, conformers-match external temp)
Regulators - Able to keep internal conditions separate from the environment
Benefits and Costs of Regulators? Benefits: wide range of habitats, enzymes usually work optimally Cost: takes lots of energy to maintain
Conformers - Internal environment matches external environment
Benefits and Costs of Conformers Benefits: less energy, narrow range of habitats Costs: enzymes might not always act optimally, limited environmental range
Endotherm Temperature can be controlled by biochemical processes (metabolism) - Ex: Birds and mammals
Ectotherm Temperature can not be controlled using metabolism - Can NOT alter metabolic rate - Can do anything else to regulate temperature - Ex: Reptiles and Amphibians
Poikilotherms - Have a wide tolerable range of internal temperatures - Organisms whose internal body temperature fluctuates with the temperature of the surrounding environment
Homeotherms - Have a very small range of tolerable internal temps - maintain a stable internal body temperature regardless of the external environment
Kelp Forest Abiotic Factors - Cold water all year - High dissolved nutrients - High dissolved O2 - High vertical complexity
Relationship between temperature and dissolved O2? HIGH/HOT temperatures = LOW Dissolved O2 LOW/COLD temperatures = HIGH dissolved O2 - ALL dissolved gasses are LOWER in HIGHER temperatures
Where are most productive marine ecosystems? - In COLD places - NOT the equator - Poles
Behavioral Actions/ behaviors
Physiological Internal changes (not visible) - Ex: Vasodilation (widening of blood vessels)
Morphological External characteristics
How can metabolic rate be measured? Oxygen consumption
Thermoneutral Zone The temp range in which metabolic rate does not need to rise to maintain body temp - Metabolic rate = Respiration rate = how fast we burn calories (sugar)
Vasodilation A warm current flows in the opposite direction of cooler blood and transfers heat into it
Trophic cascade Change in one trophic level affects all other trophic levels
Top-down where a higher-level component, such as a predator or a higher cognitive function, exerts influence over lower-level components, like prey, plants, or perception
Bottom-up determined by the availability of resources or the actions of lower-level components, which in turn influence populations and energy flow at higher levels
Too hot? - Sweat, dilation of blood vessels (vasodilation), panting, shedding, burrowing, large ears (dissipate heat), go to shade, swimming, light- colored skin, nocturnal, others
Too cold? - Blubber, hibernation, fur, snuggle, shivering, constriction of blood vessels (vasoconstriction), INC metabolic rate, goosebumps, limit blood flow to extremes, others
True or False: Every chemical rxn releases energy to heat TRUE
Optimal Foraging Theory "equation" Net energy gain = calories gained – calories spent
How much energy is used during cellular respiration 60% from glucose breakdown
Alternative stable states - Not impossible to switch between - Hard to switch though
What happened when otters were reintroduced after being hunted to near extinction? Kelp forest cam back slowly, they're a keystone species
Created by: emily.zegarra
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