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Bio: Nucleic Acids

Bio Exam 1

Nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) made of nucleotide monomers containing C, H, O, and N atoms--- 3 parts: phosphate group (PO4), pentose, and nitrogenous base (nucleobase; A,G,C,T/U)
deoxyribose sugar in DNA
ribose sugar in DNA
where is the phosphate connected to in a nucleic acid? the 5' carbon of the pentose
Ribose 2' Carbon has... OH (hydroxyl)
deoxyribose 2' Carbon has H (hydrogen)
where is the nitrogenous base connected to in a nucleic acid? the pentose at position 1'
when is prime nomenclature used? in the sugars
Purines double ring structure and 2 hydrogen bonds (Adenine and Guanine)
Pyrimidines single ring structure and 3 hydrogen bonds (Cytosine, Thymine- DNA, and Uracil- RNA)
phosphodiester bond/linkage a covalent bond that connects 5' carbon sugar to 3' carbon of other sugar-- always has 3 phosphates coming in, and removes 2
nucleotide base + sugar + at least 1 phosphate
nucleoSide base + sugar (can be mono, di, or tri -phosphate to BECOME nucleoTide)
Adenosine Triphosphate the nucleotide-- base alone: adenine nucleoside: adenosine
Nucleobases Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil
Corresponding Nucleoside (+sugar) adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, thymidine, and uridine
Are ribose and deoxyribose isomers? NO, because ribose has OH hydroxyl and deoxyribose has H hydrogen
are ribose and deoxyribose aldoses or ketoses? Aldoses because the carboxyl group is at the end
DNA arranged in... double helix = 2 DNA strands (antiparallel) with bases facing inside of helix and they're connected by hydrogen bonding
Chargaff's rule Amount of A = T for deoxyribose, G = C, and for ribose A = U
how is information in DNA molecule specified? by determining its sequence
Function of DNA vs RNA DNA carries genetic information while RNA is involved in protein synthesis
Location of DNA vs RNA DNA remains in the nucleus while RNA leaves the nucleus
Central Dogma (how nucleic acids store information) ⟲DNA -> RNA -> Proteins
Replication (1st step in Central Dogma) information is preserved as DNA copies itself ENTIRELY into 2 more DNA strands
Transcription (2nd step in Central Dogma) The synthesis of RNA from DNA strands in which a strand from gene 1 of DNA is read to create a complementary RNA strand, and the same for gene 2 of DNA strand
gene a sequence of DNA that are transcribed into RNA to be template for protein synthesis
Translation the process in which the information in RNA sequences is used to make proteins and do things
Gene expression the transcription of specific DNA sequences in complementary RNA
DNA replication and transcription depend on... base-pairing properties of nucleotides
Created by: user-1985217
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