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BIO II: Exam 2

Carbon Cycle Intro

TermDefinition
Name all 6 Pools of Carbon - Rocks/Fossil Fuels - Soils - Atmosphere - Biosphere (anything alive) - Ocean (surface & deep ocean often considered separately)
Pool How Carbon is stored
Processes (Flux) How Carbon moves between pools
Name all 8 Processes/Flux - Photosynthesis - Respiration - Soil Respiration - Combustion - Vulcanism - Decomposition - Diffusion - Sedimentation
What are NOT related to climate (4 things) - Hole in ozone layer - Smog/Pollution - Acid Rain - Ocean Acidification
Climate (w/ example) An upward trend in the 30 year average of the frequency & intensity of hurricanes (Ex: average date of the last freeze in the spring continues to get earlier)
Weather (w/ example) Short-term day-to-day atmospheric conditions (Ex: Severe thunderstorms or hurricane/ a late spring freeze event)
What happens if we INCREASE how much energy is reflected into space Earth would be COOLER
What happens if we DECREASE how much energy is reflected into space Earth would be WARMER
Albedo Reflectivity of a surface HIGH albedo = HIGH reflectivity LOW albedo = LOW reflectivity
Name what is associated with HIGH and LOW albedo High Albedo: - light colored - reflects more light/energy Low Albedo: - dark colored - absorbs more light/energy
What are the TOP 5 GHG's? 1) Carbon Dioxide 2) Nitrous Oxide 3) Methane 4) Fluorinated Gases 5) Water Vapor (not anthropogenic)
Milankovitch Cycles - Natural and VERY long-term fluctuations in sun intensity - Natural orbital changes (tilt, wobble, shape of orbit) → affect sunlight distribution → ice ages - Responsible for Ice Ages
What can alter the greenhouse effect? - Changing the amount ABSORBED by the atmosphere - Small increases in Greenhouse Gases can increases temperature
What are the TWO factors of Global Warming Potential (GWP)? 1) How well it absorbs light energy (and reemits IR_heat) 2) Residence Time (how long it remains in the atmosphere)
What is the baseline greenhouse gas? Carbon Dioxide (CO2) GWP of CO2 = 1
What are the Global Warming Potential of the 4 anthropogenic GHG's? 1) Carbon Dioxide (CO2)= 1 2) Nitrous Oxide (N2O)= ~300 3) Methane (CH4)= ~20 4) Fluorinated Gases (CFC's)= Average ~5000
Greenhouse Effect Process where greenhouse gases (GHGs) trap heat in Earth’s atmosphere
Climate Impact - GWP x quantity of gas - Overall contribution to climate change - CO2 is the HIGHEST anthropogenic GHG
Anthropogenic Human causes
What is the contribution of each anthropogenic GHG? 1) Carbon Dioxide (CO2)= 64% 2) Methane (CH4)= 19% 3) Fluorinated Gases (CFC's)= 11% 4) Nitrous Oxide (N2O)= 6%
Carbon Cycle - How carbon moves and changes - How carbon is converted from one form to another
What's going on in the ocean? 1. CO2 diffuses in 2. Taken up by phytoplankton (photosynthesis) 3. When they die, they sink (sedimentation) 4. After many years, become rock 5. Long-term C storage
Long-term Cycle Involves putting carbon back into the Rock pool and Fossil Fuel Pool (Millions of Years)
Short-term Cycle Involves carbon moving in and out of the atmosphere
Volcanoes Ash and aerosols increase reflection → temporary cooling
Source vs Sink Source: Release (ex: burning fossil fuels, deforestation) Sink: Absorbs (ex: oceans, forests, etc.)
Current CO2 Concentration 425.48 ppm (quiz says 422 or 423) (pre-industrial concentration: ~280 ppm)
How does the carbon cycle relate to the greenhouse effect? Increased atmospheric CO₂ intensifies the greenhouse effect, leading to global warming and climate change
Created by: emily.zegarra
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