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Bio: Lipids

Bio Exam 1

Lipids macromolecules made up of fatty acids, but NOT a polymer as they don't have a discrete monomer unit (made of C, H, O, and hydrocarbons)
what are lipids used for? energy and long-term energy storage (fats), insulation, and building block for hormones
examples of Lipids fats, oils, phospholipids, steroids, and waxes
Fats/oils glycerol (head group) + 3 fatty acids (tails)
glycerol (-ol means alcohol) organic alcohol
fatty acids hydrocarbons with a carboxyl group (which makes the molecule polar and acidic)
Saturated fatty acids the entire carbon backbone is composed of single bonds, thus it's saturated with hydrogens (you can't add more)-- solid room temp/fat
Unsaturated fatty acids fatty acids contain a double bond in the hydrocarbon, thus it's not as compact as you can fit more bonded atoms-- liquid at room temp/oil
monounsaturated fat one double bond (olive oil)
polyunsaturated fat multiple double bonds (canola oil)
unsaturated oils are mainly... (bond) cis-double bonds
trans fatty acids often synthesized by partially hydrogenating naturally-occuring cis polyunsaturated fatty acids (pumping hydrogen in foods to increase longevity)
triglycerides fats
phospholipid 2 fatty acids connected to a glycerol-- 3rd carbon in glyercol is connected to hydrophilic phosphate group (attached to polar head)
steroids (part of larger group called sterols) fused structure with 4 carbon rings and is also hydrophobic---plays structural role by stabilizing membrane and found in phospholipid bilayer
phospholipid role in cells key to membrane formation as it surrounds the plasma membrane due to forming micelles and forms bilayer (this allows for efficiency)
Created by: user-1985217
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