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Bio: Carbon
Bio Exam 1
| Biological reactions take place in... | water |
| Acid (low pH) | substance that increase hydrogen ions (H+) concentration in a solution (donates H+ in solution) |
| Base (high pH) | provides either hydroxide ions (OH-) or other negatively charged ions that combine with H+, REDUCING their CONCENTRATION in the solution (donates OH- or accepts H+) |
| Buffers | substances that minimize changes in concentrations of H+ and OH- in a solution |
| Why is pH so important? | altering pH (adding an acid or base) can alter the distribution of charges in a macromolecule, and can disrupt the 3D structure and interactions with other molecules |
| Types of Backbones in hydrocarbons | linear chains or rings |
| Diversity in organic molecules can be made by... | changes to carbon backbone length, double bonds, and branching OR adding functional side group |
| Isomers | compounds with the same molecular formular, but have different structures and properties (but they make up the same number of atoms as other molecules) |
| Structural isomers | different covalent arrangements |
| Cis-isomer (spatial arrangement diff) | the two X's are on the same side (X = a certain element) |
| Trans-isomer (spatial arrangement diff) | the two X's are on opposite sides (X = a certain element) |
| amphiphathic | a molecule that has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts |