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Bio: Carbon

Bio Exam 1

Biological reactions take place in... water
Acid (low pH) substance that increase hydrogen ions (H+) concentration in a solution (donates H+ in solution)
Base (high pH) provides either hydroxide ions (OH-) or other negatively charged ions that combine with H+, REDUCING their CONCENTRATION in the solution (donates OH- or accepts H+)
Buffers substances that minimize changes in concentrations of H+ and OH- in a solution
Why is pH so important? altering pH (adding an acid or base) can alter the distribution of charges in a macromolecule, and can disrupt the 3D structure and interactions with other molecules
Types of Backbones in hydrocarbons linear chains or rings
Diversity in organic molecules can be made by... changes to carbon backbone length, double bonds, and branching OR adding functional side group
Isomers compounds with the same molecular formular, but have different structures and properties (but they make up the same number of atoms as other molecules)
Structural isomers different covalent arrangements
Cis-isomer (spatial arrangement diff) the two X's are on the same side (X = a certain element)
Trans-isomer (spatial arrangement diff) the two X's are on opposite sides (X = a certain element)
amphiphathic a molecule that has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts
Created by: user-1985217
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