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Bio: Bonds

Bio Exam 1

Ionic Bond "i don't want it" an attraction between an anion and a cation where an electron is transferred---compounds with these bonds are called ionic compounds (salts)
anion negative ions formed from gaining an electron
cation positive ions formed by losing an electron
Covalent bond ("collaborative") electrons are constantly shared, so the electron fills BOTH shells--may be up to 3 bonds (the more covalent bonds, the stronger the connection)
Electronegativity an atom's attraction for electrons in covalent bond--more electronegativity, more attraction (also is dependent on atomic number and radius)
Ranking of electronegativty (CONCH) O > N > C ~ H
Nonpolar covalent bonds bonds between 2 atoms that have the SAME electronegativity
Polar covalent bonds ("polar opposites") bonds between 2 atoms that have DIFFERENT electronegativity as they unequally share electrons
Bond strength from strongest to weakest Covalent polar/nonpolar (very strong), Ionic (strong), Hydrogen (weak), and Van der Waals Interactions (very weak)
Hydrogen bond (POLAR) forms when a hydrogen atom POLAR COVALENTLY bonded to one electronegative atom is ALSO attracted to another electronegative atom (between different molecules)---occurs regularly between water molecules
Van der Waals Interactions attractions between molecules that are VERY CLOSE together
Hydrophilic POLAR substances that interact readily with or dissolve in water (e.g. O-H and N-H bonds)
Hydrophobic (phobia "no" and molecules "not the same") NONPOLAR molecules such as oils and fats that don't interact with water (e.g. C-H bonds)
Hydrogen bonds breaking... creates gas
Hydrogen bonds forming... creates solid (ice)
High heat capacity water stays hot or cool for a long amount of time
High heat vaporization it takes a lot of energy for water to heat up
Cohesion water bonds to water---this allows for surface tension
Adhesion water bonds to other molecules
water is a universal... solvent
Sphere of hydration charges associated with the molecules will form hydrogen bonds with water surrounding the particle water molecule (water forms hydration shell around molecules)
Created by: user-1985217
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