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Bio: Atom - Molecule

Bio Exam 1

Atom Smallest unit of matter
Matter any substance that occupies space and has mass (all life made of it)
element A unique form of matter with specific chemical and physical properties that cannot be broken down smaller by ordinary reactions
Elements that form the foundation for macromolecules Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), Phosphorus (P), and Sulfur (S)
Nucleus Atom's center containing protons (+) and neutrons (both have roughly the same mass)
Neutrons contribute to... an atoms mass
Electrons contribute to... an atoms charge
Outermost region of atom contains Electrons in orbit
Atomic number (number above chem. symbol) determined by number of protons (and electrons) and used to distinguish elements from each other
Isotope different forms of the same atom---varies by number of neutrons
mass number protons + neutrons
How do you get the # of neutrons in an element? mass number - atomic number = # of neutrons
Atomic mass protons + neutrons
What determines an electron's energy level? distance to the nucleus (electrons in lower shells have less energy, but higher-shells have more energy because they're trying to interact with other electrons and complete their shell)
valence electrons/shells electrons/shell furthest from nucleus (outermost)
Octet Rule atoms are most stable energetically when there's 8 electrons in the valence shell (shell 1- max 2, shell 2/3 - max 8)
What will elements do to be more stable? give up, accept, or share electrons to make a full valence shell (chemical bonds)
inert nonreactive and highly stable---"noble gases" at max capacity in valence shell so they don't bond
How many orbitals are there in a electron? 1. every shell has 1 spherical orbital 2. the second and up shells have up to 3 p orbitals (dumbell shaped)
Why do orbitals matter? the distribution of electrons in the orbitals determines a molecules shape, which is key to its function
compound formed from two or more elements (if different atoms)
molecule 2 or more atoms chemically bonded together (can be same or different atoms)
Created by: user-1985217
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