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Membranes

Cell membranes and INDV functions

TermDefinition
Components of biological membranes Phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol, carbs
Fluid mosaic model of membrane structure Membrane is a fluid bilayer of phospholipids with embedded proteins; components move laterally
Components of phospholipids Glycerol backbone; tails (hydrophobic), phosphate group; head (hydrophilic)
How membranes form spontaneously Hydrophobic effect drives phospholipids to form bilayers in water
The functions of membrane proteins Transport, Marking, Cell recognition, enzyme release, structural support
How proteins can associate with the membrane Integral proteins span bilayer; peripheral proteins attach to surface
Simple transport Molecules pass directly through bilayer
Facilitated Diffusion Use transport proteins
Channel proteins Channels form pores for passive flow
Carrier proteins Carriers bind and change shape to move molecules
Direction of water from osmosis Higher to lower concentration
Function of Na/K pump Uses ATP to move Na out and K in
Energetics of coupled transport Symport/Antiport: one molecule moves with/against another using gradient energy
Endocytosis Cell engulfs material
Exocytosis Cell expels material
How endocytosis can be specific Receptor-meditated endocytosis allows specific uptake via membrane receptors
Passive transport no added energy
Hypotonic lower solute outside, water enters cell
Hypertonic higher solute outside, water exits cell
Isotonic Equal solute, no net movement
Created by: user-1985207
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