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BI101 Lecture 9

Study Guide – BI101 Lecture 9: Biomolecules

TermDefinition
Lipids Not polymers, but built from hydrocarbon chains, mostly hydrophobic.
3 major types of lipids 1. Fats (Triglycerides) 2. Phospholipids 3. Steroids
Fats (Triglycerides) Glycerol + 3 fatty acids; energy storage in adipocytes
Phospholipids 2 fatty acids + glycerol + phosphate head; amphiphilic, form cell membranes
Steroids 4 fused carbon rings (e.g., cholesterol, hormones)
Why are fats not soluble in water? Their hydrophobic nature and nonpolar molecular structure
Proteins 1. Polymers of amino acids (20 different kinds). 2. Linked by peptide bonds (dehydration reaction). 3. Wide range of functions: structure, transport, signaling, movement, defense, enzymes.
Protein Structure 1. Primary 2. Secondary 3. Tertiary 4. Quaternary
Primary Structure Amino acid sequence (linear)
Secondary Structure Local folding (Alpha Helices, Beta Sheets) via hydrogen bonds
Tertiary Structure Full 3D shape; stabilized by interactions among R groups
R Groups 1. Hydrogen bonds (polar) 2. Ionic bonds (acidic/basic) 3. Disulfide bridges (sulfur-containing R groups) 4. Hydrophobic & van der Waals interactions
Quaternary Multiple polypeptide chains combine (e.g., hemoglobin).
Amino Acids & R Groups 1. Nonpolar R groups 2. Polar R groups 3. Acidic R groups 4. Basic R groups
Nonpolar R Groups Hydrophobic, cluster inside proteins
Polar R Groups Form hydrogen bonds, hydrophilic
Acidic R Groups Negatively charged.
Basic R groups Positively charged
Created by: trumoo312
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