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Darwin and Evolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Charles Darwin's Book | On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection |
| What year was On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection published? | 1859 |
| According to Darwin, all living things came from a ________ _________. | common ancestor |
| According to Darwin, the diversity of life is explained by _____________ with modification by the mechanism of ______________ ______________. | descent, natural selection |
| 2 major Darwinian themes | adaptation, speciation |
| Microevolution | adaptation |
| Macroevolution | speciation |
| In the Monkey Flower study what did the genetic analysis of the flower show? | A single gene controls petal color and was the greatest predictor of pollinator and flower reproductive success. |
| Joseph Hooker | Darwin's best friend who was a botanist |
| Thomas Huxley | Darwin's colleague aka the Bulldog, who debated Darwin's theories. |
| Charles Lyell | Darwin's colleague who was a lawyer and geologist. |
| Thomas Malthus | Wrote Foundations of Sociology that Darwin read. |
| Alfred Wallace | Independently comes up with evolution theory and writes Darwin about his theory in 1858. |
| Who were the co-authors of "On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection"? | Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace |
| Descent with modification by natural selection | Darwin's definition of evolution |
| According to Weismann, somatic cells _______ communicate or transfer information to gametic cells. | do not |
| 3 kinds of selection | artificial, natural, sexual |
| Silver Fox Domestication Study after 10 generations foxes showed | signs of dog behavior and morphology |
| What did the silver fox look like after 10 generations of selective breeding? | Collie |
| Peppered Moth study showed that moth's became grayer due to natural selection because | lighter moths died because they were more visible on the dark bark. |
| If ______________ _______________ are strong, evolution can _________ ____________ ___________. | selective pressures, occur very rapidly |
| Longtailed widow bird study is an example of _________________ selection. | sexual |
| Bateman's principle | Males typically have greater variability in reproductive success than females because they can produce many sperm with little effort, while females invest more resources in nurturing fewer eggs, making them the limiting factor in reproduction. |
| Environment ___________ induce the mutation but plays a role in its ____________. | doesn't, continuation |
| African weaver bird study, what were the differences found in birds in the forest vs. those in the Savanna. | Forest birds were solitary, insectivorous, territorial, dull in color and monogamous. Savanna birds were social, seed eaters, colonial, brightly colored, and polygynous. |
| Term for when one male mates with many females. | Polygymy |
| Term for when one female mates with many males. | Polyandry |
| When environmental quality is low, is monogamy or polygamy more common? | Monogamy |
| When environmental quality is high, is monogamy or polygamy more common? | Polygamy |
| Stay alive = natural or sexual selection. | natural |
| Reproduce = natural or sexual selection. | sexual |
| Evolutionary fitness | Measurement of reproductive success |
| Tenet of evolution is __________ are born than __________. | more, survive |
| Direct fitness (offspring) + indirect fitness (relatives) = | inclusive (total) fitness |
| Altruism | When an organism acts in a manner that benefits another organism at a cost to itself. |
| Kin Selection is an evolutionary strategy that favors the reproductive success of an _______________ ________________, often at a cost, thereby passing on _____________ | individual's relatives, some portion of that individual's genes. |
| Hamilton's rule - altruism is favored by natural selection when | the benefit to recipient is greater than the cost to the altruist. |
| Reciprocal altruism - altruistic behavior towards unrelated individuals based on the assumption of _________________ | returning the favor |
| Is evolution linear? | No |
| Evolution is not linear, it is a _____________ ________________. | branching tree |
| Lateral gene transfer = | transfer of genes between organisms in a manner other than traditional reproduction. |
| Lateral gene transfer is more common in _______________ or in ______________ where there is a symbiotic relationship. | prokaryotes, eurkaryotes |
Created by:
mbruzzano
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