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Bio Unit 4
cell membrane - for test Sept 26
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 3 macromolecules on the cell membrane? | Carbohydrates, phospholipids, proteins |
| What's the difference between the heads and tails of phospholipid heads and tails? | the heads are polar/hydrophilic while the tails are no polar/hydrophobic |
| What's the function of the cell membrane? | Form boundary between the inside and outside of a cell, helping it maintain homeostasis; brings in food/nutrients, water, and oxygen; allows waste products out |
| What is a concentration gradient? | the difference between two concentrations of a substance in two adjoining areas |
| What are the characteristics of passive transport? | requires no energy, molecules move down the concentration gradient, molecules move from high to low concentrations |
| What are the characteristics of active transport? | requires energy, molecules move against the concentration gradient, molecules move from low to high concentrations |
| Which two types of transport use proteins? | Facilitated diffusion and bulk transport |
| What is facilitated diffusion? | the movement of large/polar molecules through a transmembrane protein (integral protein) |
| What is simple diffusion? | the movement of small/non polar molecules directly through the phospholipid bilayer |
| What is osmosis? | the diffusion of water through an aquaporin, an example of facilitated diffusion |
| Describe protein pumps. | energy (ATP from the mitochondria) is used to move molecules against the concentration gradient through a protein; ex - Sodium Potassium Pump |
| How are large amounts of material moved during active transport? | Vesicles |
| What's the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis? | The first uses vesicles to move large amounts of material into the cell, while the second uses vesicles to move material out of the cell. |
| What's the difference between pinocytosis and phagocytosis? | One is "cell drinking" and brings liquid into the cell, while the other is "cell eating" and moves large particles of solids into the cell |
| How do you tell the difference between hypotonic and hypertonic? | In hypotonic solutions, solvent enters the cell causing swelling, while in hypertonic solutions, solvent leaves the cell causing shrinkage. |
| What does the fluid mosaic model state? | Explains the structure of the cell membrane as it is flexible and composed of a phospholipid bilayer; the components of the membrane are in constant motion, sliding past one another, and the different substances of the plasma membrane form a mosaic. |
| What's the function of peripheral (surface) proteins? | They are outer surface proteins used for cell recognition or attachment. Inner surface proteins are for the attachment of cytoskeleton. |
| What's the function of carbohydrates? | They allow for cell recognition (ID tag) and communication (receive/send chemical signals). Carbohydrates attached to proteins are glycoproteins, and ones attached to lipids are glycolipids |
| What's the function of transmembrane proteins (integral/channel proteins)? | Transmembrane proteins help large/polar molecules pass through the membrane; channel proteins = passive transport and protein plump = active transport |
| What's the function of cholestorol? | Cholestorol keeps the membrane fluid and flexible in varying temperatures |
Created by:
lesley_j
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