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Brain Anat. and Lobe
PSY2583 Brain anatomy, lobes, functions, and diseases
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the five regions of the brain? | Telencephalon, Diencephalon, Mesencephalon, Metencephalon, Myelencephalon |
| What parts make up the myelencephalon? | Medulla and reticular formation |
| What does the medulla control? | Involuntary actions such as cardiovascular, respiratory, and reflexes |
| What does the reticular formation control? | Arousal and wakefulness such as the sleep-wake cycle |
| What parts make up the metencephalon? | Cerebellum and pons |
| What does the cerebellum control? | Motor control and balance |
| What do the pons control? | Transmits signals from the cerebrum to the cerebellum. Aids medulla with respiratory |
| What parts make up the mesencephalon? | Tectum and the tegmentum |
| What does the tectum control? | Orienting movement |
| What does the tegmentum control? | Attention and motivation, motor control |
| What parts make up the diencephalon? | Thalamus and hypothalamus |
| What does the thalamus control? | Receives all sensory information |
| What does the hypothalamus control? | Production of hormones and motivation |
| What parts make up the telencephalon? | Cerebral cortex and cerebral hemispheres |
| What is the cerebral cortex? | A layer of tissue that covers the cerebral hemisphere |
| What does the cerebral hemisphere control? | Controls the brain through four hemispheres |
| What are the four hemispheres in the telencephalon? | Frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital |
| Where is the telencephalon? | Large, topmost part of the brain |
| Where is the diencephalon? | Smaller area at the center of the telencephalon |
| Where is the mesencephalon? | Center of the brain, below the diencephalon |
| Where is the metencephalon? | Below the mesencephalon |
| Where is the myelencephalon? | Bottom of the brain, under the metencephalon |
| What does the frontal lobe control? | Executive function, motor control, personality and behavior, speech production, and impulse control |
| Where is Broca's Area located? | Left frontal lobe |
| What does Broca's Area control? | Crucial for speech production and language processing |
| What is Broca's Aphasia? | Damage to Broca’s area. Difficulty producing speech even though speech comprehension is almost perfect. |
| What does the parietal lobe control? | Touch, spatial awareness, coordination, attention |
| What is Neglect Syndrome? | Damage to parietal lobe. Ignoring or being unaware of one side of the body or the environment, often observed with right parietal lobe damage |
| What is Apraxia | Damage to parietal lobe. Difficulty with planning and executing purposeful movements, even though motor function remains intact |
| What does temporal lobe control? | Auditory processing, language, memory, emotional changes |
| What does Wernicke's Area control? | Involved in understanding spoken and written language |
| What is Wernicke's Apahasia? | Able to speak properly, but lack speech comprehension or sensical dialogue |
| What does the occipital lobe control? | Visual information |
| What is visual agnosia? | Difficulty recognizing objects beside shape and color |
| What is Prosopagnoisa? | Difficulty seeing faces |
| What does the Limbic System control? | Emotion, memory formation |
| What is the Limbic System made up of? | Amygdala and septum, hippocampus and fonix, cingulate cortex |
| What do the amygdala and septum control? | Processing emotions, especially fear and pleasure |
| What is Kluver-Bucy syndrome? | Damage to amygdala. Loss of fear and aggression, eating inedible objects, etc |
| What do the hippocampus and fonix control? | Critical for memory formation and recall |
| What does the cingulate cortex control? | Assessing the emotional significance of events and situations |
| What are fissures? | Grooves or clefts in the brain |
| What is the longitudinal fissure? | Separates the two hemispheres |
| Where is the lateral fissure? | Separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobe |
| What is sulci? | Very small grooves in the brain |
| What is gyri/gyrus? | Ridges between grooves |
| What is the corpus callosum? | A cerebral commissure that connects the two sides of the brain |
Created by:
juangon
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