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Ch. 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| atom | the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical properties of that element |
| element | a substance that cannot be seperated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means |
| valence electron | electrons in the outermost level or shell |
| compound | a substance made of the bonded atoms of two or more different elements |
| molecule | a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds. |
| ion | an atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge because it has gained or lost electrons |
| cohesion | the force that holds moelcules of a single material together |
| adhesion | the attractive force between two bodies of different substances that are in contact with each other |
| solution | a mixture in which ions or molecules of one or more substances are evenly distributed in another substance |
| acid | compounds that form extra hydronium ions when dissolved in water |
| base | compounds that form extra hydroxide ions when dissolved in water |
| pH | is a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is |
| buffer | a substance that reacts to prevent pH changes in solutions |
| carbohydrate | molecules made of sugars |
| lipid | another class of bimolecules, which include fats, phospholipids, steroids, and waxes. |
| protein | a moleecule made up of amino acids |
| amino acid | building blocks that link to form proteins |
| nucleic acid | a long chain of nucleotide units |
| nucleotide | a molecule made up of three parts: a sugar, a base, and a phosphate group |
| DNA | contain the sugar deoxyribose |
| RNA | contain the sugar ribose |
| ATP | cells need a steady supply of adenosine triphosphate |
| energy | the capacity to do work |
| reactant | a substance or molecule that participates in a chemical reaction |
| product | a substance that forms in a chemical reaction |
| activation energy | the minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction |
| enzyme | a molecule that increases the speed of biochemical reactions |
| substrate | the shape of the active site determines which reactants will blind to it |
| active site | the region where the reaction takes place |