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EB- Chapter 5

TermDefinition
Biosphere all living organisms + their environments on Earth.
Tolerance Ranges & Limiting Factors each species survives only within certain environmental ranges (temp, salinity, etc.). Outside that = stress/death. Limits distribution of organisms.
Terrestrial Biome Distribution Factors temperature + precipitation.
Vertical Zonation changes in climate & vegetation with elevation (like going up a mountain mimics moving toward poles).
Marine Biomes Determined by light + nutrients. Coral reefs, intertidal zones, open ocean, deep sea.
Freshwater Biomes lakes, rivers, wetlands. Influenced by light, nutrients, oxygen.
Biodiversity variety of life at all levels (genes, species, ecosystems).
Species group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
Extinction permanent disappearance of a species.
HIPPO main causes of biodiversity loss: -->Habitat destruction -->Invasive species -->Pollution -->Population (human) growth -->Overharvesting
Minimum Viable Population smallest population size that can sustain itself. Below MVP → extinction risk rises quickly.
Habitat Fragmentation isolates populations, reduces gene flow, increases extinction risk.
Exotic/Invasive Species non-native organisms that outcompete natives (ex: zebra mussels, kudzu). Harm ecosystems.
Pollution effects alters habitats, weakens species, bioaccumulation.
Overharvesting overfishing, poaching, logging, plant collecting.
ESA Terms Endangered = in danger of extinction (worse). Threatened = likely to become endangered. Vulnerable = at risk due to traits (low reproduction, specialized habitat).
Species Recovery Approaches captive breeding, habitat restoration, legal protection, reintroduction. Success depends on species biology + threats.
Created by: jovisusie
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