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Unit 3
| Term/Question | Definition/Answer |
|---|---|
| abiotic factor | a non-living chemical or physical component of an ecosystem |
| acid rain | any form of precipitation with acidic components |
| age structure diagrams | a diagram that shows the distribution of age groups within a population, usually separated by sex (M/F) |
| aphotic zone | The deep portion of a lake or ocean where sunlight does not penetrate |
| benthic province | a region in the ocean, characterized by a community of bottom-dwelling organisms |
| bioaccumulation | the build-up of a chemical in an individual organism at one time |
| biodiversity | the variety of all living organisms |
| biogeochemical cycles | the natural process where essential chemical elements (C, N, P, H2O) are recycled and continuously move between living and non-living parts of the earth |
| biomagnification | the process where the concentration of a substance increases as it moves up the food chain |
| biomass pyramid | a diagram that shows the dry mass of living organisms in each trophic level in an ecosystem |
| biome | a large geographic region defined by its climate, ecosystem, and plants and animals. |
| biosphere | the region of earth that contains all living organisms and their environments |
| biotic factor | living or once-living components that interact with each other within an ecosystem |
| camouflage | a defense mechanism organisms use, using colors the same as their environment to conceal themselves |
| carnivore | an animal whose nutrition relies on consumption of animal tissue |
| carrying capacity (K) | the maximum population size of a species that an ecosystem can sustain |
| character displacement | the process in which competition causes evolution in species |
| chemoautotroph | an organism that turns inorganic chemicals into energy |
| chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) | |
| citizen science | |
| climate change | |
| clumped distribution | |
| cohort | |
| commensalism | |
| community | |
| competitive exclusion | |
| conservation biology | |
| consumer (heterotroph) | |
| coral bleaching | |
| coral polyps | |
| coral reefs | |
| deciduous tree | |
| decomposer | |
| deforestation | |
| demographic transition model | |
| demographics | |
| denitrification | |
| density-dependent factor | |
| density-independent factor | |
| desertification | |
| detritivore | |
| detritus | |
| ecological niche | |
| ecological pyramid | |
| ecological succession | |
| ecology | |
| ecosystem | |
| ectoparasite | |
| El Niño | |
| emigration | |
| endangered species | |
| endemic species | |
| endoparasite | |
| energy pyramid | |
| epiphyte | |
| estuary | |
| exotic species | |
| exploitative competition | |
| exponential population growth | |
| fertility rate | |
| food chain | |
| food web | |
| greenhouse effect | |
| greenhouse gases | |
| habitat | |
| habitat fragmentation | |
| herbivore | |
| herbivory | |
| host | |
| humus | |
| immigration | |
| indicator species | |
| interference competition | |
| intermediate disturbance hypothesis | |
| interspecific competition | |
| intraspecific competition | |
| invasive species | |
| joule/kilocalorie | |
| keystone species | |
| K-selection | |
| La Niña | |
| legume | |
| lichen | |
| limiting factor | |
| logistic population growth | |
| marine | |
| mark-recapture sampling | |
| mimicry | |
| morphological convergence | |
| mutualism | |
| mycorrhizae | |
| near-uniform distribution | |
| negative population growth | |
| neutral relationship | |
| nitrification | |
| nitrogen cycle | |
| nitrogen fixation | |
| non-renewable resource | |
| omnivore | |
| opportunistic species | |
| owl pellet | |
| ozone depletion | |
| ozone hole | |
| parasite | |
| parasitism | |
| parasitoid | |
| pathogen | |
| pelagic province | |
| per capita | |
| photic zone | |
| photoautotroph | |
| pioneer species | |
| plot sampling | |
| pollutant/pollution | |
| population | |
| population density | |
| population ecology | |
| predation | |
| predator | |
| prey | |
| primary producer | |
| primary succession | |
| producer (autotroph) | |
| random distribution | |
| renewable resource | |
| resource partitioning | |
| rhizobia | |
| r-selection | |
| scat (feces) | |
| secondary succession | |
| smog | |
| species evenness | |
| species richness | |
| survival | |
| survivorship curve | |
| sustainable/sustainability | |
| symbiosis | |
| temperate deciduous forest | |
| threatened species | |
| transpiration | |
| trophic level | |
| Type I survivorship curve | |
| Type II survivorship curve | |
| Type III survivorship curve | |
| zero population growth | |
| Which graph (exponential or logistic) currently represents human population growth? | |
| How can carrying capacity change? | |
| what is an ecological footprint? Why do these footprints show? | |
| Why do people in industrialized countries usually have a more significant ecological footprint than people in a non-industrialized country? | |
| parasitoidism | |
| What organisms make up a lichen and what do they provide to each other? | |
| Why are rhizobia and lichens important in different ecosystems? | |
| explain the role of rhizobia in the nitrogen cycle. | |
| Describe what happens in a predator-prey relationship. Identify the prey and the predator. | |
| What are some ways that prey defend themselves? | |
| What is the difference (if any) between a pathogen and a parasite? | |
| What is the difference between a niche and a habitat? | |
| How do organisms compete? | |
| How does resource partitioning reduce competition in an ecosystem? How can this lead to character displacement? | |
| What is the difference between primary and secondary succession? | |
| How did wolves (a keystone species) affect the ecosystem in Yellowstone National Park? | |
| why are keystone species important to their ecosystems? | |
| What is the difference between an invasive species and an exotic species? |
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