Question 1

Earth system

Accepted Answer

The Earth system is all of the 
matter, energy, and processes within Earth’s boundary

Question 2

Geo sphere

Accepted Answer

The Earth system is all of the 
matter, energy, and processes within Earth’s boundary

Question 3

Hydrosphere

Accepted Answer

The hydrosphere is the part of Earth that is liquid water.

Question 4

cryosphere

Accepted Answer

​​Earth’s cryosphere is made up of all of the frozen water on Earth.

Question 5

atmosphere

Accepted Answer

The atmosphere is mostly made of invisible gases that surround Earth.

Question 6

biosphere

Accepted Answer

The biosphere is made up of living things and the areas of Earth 
where they are found.

Question 7

energy budget

Accepted Answer

Earth’s energy budget is a way to keep 
track of energy transfers into and out of the Earth system.

Question 8

air pressure

Accepted Answer

Earth is the  atmosphere. This 
mixture is most often referred to as air.

Question 9

thermosphere

Accepted Answer

The thermosphere is the uppermost layer of 
the atmosphere.

Question 10

mesosphere

Accepted Answer

The thermosphere is the uppermost layer of 
the atmosphere.

Question 11

strtosphere

Accepted Answer

​The stratosphere is between the mesosphere 
and troposphere.

Question 12

troposphere

Accepted Answer

The troposphere is the lowest layer of the 
atmosphere.

Question 13

ozone layer

Accepted Answer

The ozone layer is an area in the stratosphere, 15 km to 
40 km above Earth’s surface, where ozone is highly concentrated.

Question 14

green house effect

Accepted Answer

The greenhouse effect is the process by which 
gases in the atmosphere, such as water vapor and carbon dioxide, 
absorb and give off infrared radiation.

Question 15

temperature

Accepted Answer

​Temperature  is a measure of the 
average kinetic energy of particles.

Question 16

thermal energy

Accepted Answer

Thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of particles.

Question 17

thermal expansion

Accepted Answer

Thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of particles.

Question 18

heat

Accepted Answer

Heat is the energy that is 
transferred between objects that are at different temperatures.

Question 19

radiation

Accepted Answer

Radiation
is the transfer of energy as electromagnetic 
 waves

Question 20

convection

Accepted Answer

Convection is 
the transfer of energy due to the movement of 
matter.

Question 21

conduction

Accepted Answer

Conduction is the transfer 
of energy from one object to another object 
through direct contact.

Question 22

wind

Accepted Answer

The movement of air caused by differences in air 
pressure is called wind.

Question 23

Coriolis effect

Accepted Answer

The movement of air caused by differences in air 
pressure is called wind.

Question 24

global wind

Accepted Answer

These wind systems 
occur at or near Earth’s surface and are called 
global winds.

Question 25

jet steam

Accepted Answer

Jet streams are narrow belts of high-speed winds that blow 
from west to east, between 7 km and 16 km above Earth’s surface.

Question 26

local wind

Accepted Answer

Unlike global winds, local winds are the movement of air
over short distances.

Question 27

ocean current

Accepted Answer

The oceans contain streamlike movements of water called 
ocean currents.

Question 28

surface current

Accepted Answer

Ocean currents that occur at or near the surface of 
the ocean, caused by wind, are called surface currents.

Question 29

deep current

Accepted Answer

The deflection of moving objects from a straight path 
due to Earth’s rotation is called the Coriolis effect.

Question 30

convection current

Accepted Answer

is a movement of water that results from density differences

Question 31

upwelling

Accepted Answer

the warm surface water is then replaced by cold, nutrient-rich water from the deep ocean is a process called upwelling.

Earth systems

unit 10

Term	Definition
Earth system	The Earth system is all of the matter, energy, and processes within Earth’s boundary
Geo sphere	The Earth system is all of the matter, energy, and processes within Earth’s boundary
Hydrosphere	The hydrosphere is the part of Earth that is liquid water.
cryosphere	Earth’s cryosphere is made up of all of the frozen water on Earth.
atmosphere	The atmosphere is mostly made of invisible gases that surround Earth.
biosphere	The biosphere is made up of living things and the areas of Earth where they are found.
energy budget	Earth’s energy budget is a way to keep track of energy transfers into and out of the Earth system.
air pressure	Earth is the atmosphere. This mixture is most often referred to as air.
thermosphere	The thermosphere is the uppermost layer of the atmosphere.
mesosphere	The thermosphere is the uppermost layer of the atmosphere.
strtosphere	The stratosphere is between the mesosphere and troposphere.
troposphere	The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere.
ozone layer	The ozone layer is an area in the stratosphere, 15 km to 40 km above Earth’s surface, where ozone is highly concentrated.
green house effect	The greenhouse effect is the process by which gases in the atmosphere, such as water vapor and carbon dioxide, absorb and give off infrared radiation.
temperature	Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles.
thermal energy	Thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of particles.
thermal expansion	Thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of particles.
heat	Heat is the energy that is transferred between objects that are at different temperatures.
radiation	Radiation is the transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves
convection	Convection is the transfer of energy due to the movement of matter.
conduction	Conduction is the transfer of energy from one object to another object through direct contact.
wind	The movement of air caused by differences in air pressure is called wind.
Coriolis effect	The movement of air caused by differences in air pressure is called wind.
global wind	These wind systems occur at or near Earth’s surface and are called global winds.
jet steam	Jet streams are narrow belts of high-speed winds that blow from west to east, between 7 km and 16 km above Earth’s surface.
local wind	Unlike global winds, local winds are the movement of air over short distances.
ocean current	The oceans contain streamlike movements of water called ocean currents.
surface current	Ocean currents that occur at or near the surface of the ocean, caused by wind, are called surface currents.
deep current	The deflection of moving objects from a straight path due to Earth’s rotation is called the Coriolis effect.
convection current	is a movement of water that results from density differences
upwelling	the warm surface water is then replaced by cold, nutrient-rich water from the deep ocean is a process called upwelling.

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