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Earth systems
unit 10
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Earth systems | all the nonliving things living things and processes that make up the planet Earth including the solid Earth the hydrosphere the atmosphere and the biosphere |
| geosphere | The mostly solid, rocky part of Earth extends from the center of the core to the surface of the crust |
| hydrosphere | The portion of Earth that is water |
| cryosphere | One of the earth's spheres where water is in solid from including snow cover, floating ice, glaciers ice caps ice, sheets, and frozen ground permafrost. |
| atmosphere | A mixture of gases that surrounds a plant moon or other celestial |
| biosphere | The part pf Earth where life exists includes all the living organisms on Earth |
| energy budget | The net flow energy into and out of a system |
| air pressure | The measure of the force with which air molecules push on a surface |
| thermosphere | The uppermost layer of the atmosphere in which temperature increases as altitude increases |
| mesosphere | 1. the strong lower part of the mantel between the asthenosphere and the outer core 2. The layer of the atmosphere and the thermosphere and the thermosphere and in which temperature decreases as altitude increases |
| stratospere | The layer of the atmosphere that lies between the troposphere and the mesosphere and in which temperatures increases as altitude increases contains the ozone layer |
| tropsphere | The lowest layer of the atmosphere in which temperature drops at a constant rate as altitude increases where weather conditions exist |
| ozone layer | The layer of the atmosphere at an altitude of absorbs ultraviolet solar radiation |
| green house effect | The warming of the surface and lower atmosphere of Earth that occurs when water vapor carbon dioxide and other gases absorb and reradiate energy |
| temperature | A measure of how hot or cold something is specifically a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object |
| thermal energy | The total kinetic energy of a substance atom |
| thermal expansion | An increase in the size of a substance in response to an increase of temperature of the substance |
| heat | The energy transferred between objects that are at different temperatures |
| radiation | The transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves |
| convection | The movement of matter due to differences in density the transferor energy due to the movement of matter |
| conduction | The transfer of energy as heat through a material |
| wind | The movement of air caused by differences in air pressure |
| Coriolis effect | The curving of the path of a moving object from an otherwise straghit path due to Earth's rotation |
| global wind | The movement of air over Earth's surface in patterns that are worldwide |
| jet stream | A narrow band of strong winds that blow in the upper troposphere |
| local wind | The movement of air over short distances occurs in specific areas as a result of certain geographical features. |
| ocean current | A movement of ocean water that follows a regular pattern |
| surface current | A horizontal movement of ocean water that is caused by wind that at or near the ocean surface |
| deep current | A stream like movement of ocean water far below the surface |
| convection current | Any movement of matter that results from differences in density may be vertical circular or cyclical |
| upwelling | the movement of deep cold and nutrient rich water to the surface |
Created by:
McKenna Melit ;)
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