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Earth Systems
Unit 10
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Earth systems | Earth´s interacting physical, chemical, and biological processes. The system consists of the land, oceans, atmosphere and poles. It includes the planet's natural cycles . |
| Geo sphere | the earth itself: the rocks, minerals, and landforms of the surface and interior |
| hydrosphere | The hydrosphere includes all the water present on a planet. Water exists in various states across the Earth's surface, beneath it, and in the atmosphere, creating the hydrosphere. |
| cryosphere | Frozen water, such as glaciers, icebergs, and the ice caps that are found at the North and South Pole are all part of the cryosphere. |
| atmosphere | The atmosphere is a layer of gas and suspended solids extending from the Earth's surface up many thousands of miles |
| biosphere | The biosphere is the region of the earth that encompasses all living organisms: plants, animals and bacteria |
| energy budget | Earth's energy budget represents the balance between the amount of energy incoming to Earth from the Sun and the amount of energy outgoing from Earth back to space |
| air pressure | The weight of the air in the atmosphere is air pressure. You can measure air pressure using a barometer. |
| thermoshpere | The thermosphere is a layer of Earth's atmosphere that is directly above the mesosphere and below the exosphere |
| mesosphere | the highest layer of the atmosphere in which the gases are all mixed up rather than being layered by their mass |
| stratosphere | lies above the earth's weather and mostly changes very little |
| troposphere | the region of the atmosphere closest to Earth, extending from the surface up to about 10 km in altitude, where almost all weather occurs and temperatures decrease with altitude |
| ozone layer | The ozone layer or ozone shield is a region of Earth's stratosphere that absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation. |
| greenhouse effect | The greenhouse effect is the process through which heat is trapped near Earth's surface by substances known as 'greenhouse gases |
| temperature | Temperature is the degree of hotness or coldness of an object |
| thermal expansion | Thermal expansion, as the name suggests, is the increase or expansion of materials as a function of heat |
| heat | energy that is transferred from one body to another as the result of a difference in temperature |
| radiation | Radiation is energy that moves from one place to another in a form that can be described as waves or particles. |
| convection | Convection is a type of heat transfer that can only happen in liquids and gases, because it involves those liquids or gases physically moving |
| conduction | when heat moves from one object to another object through direct touch |
| wind | Wind is the natural movement of air or other gases relative to a planet's surface. |
| corolis effect | the Coriolis Effect makes things (like planes or currents of air) traveling long distances around the Earth appear to move at a curve as opposed to a straight line |
| global winds | Global winds are large-scale, prevailing wind patterns that move across the Earth's surface, distributing heat and moisture |
| jet stream | A jet stream is a high-altitude, narrow band of strong wind that flows from west to east around the Earth, influencing weather patterns |
| local wind | Local winds are winds that blow over a limited area, driven by small-scale differences in temperature and pressure caused by local geography, such as mountains, valleys, and coastlines |
| ocean current | Ocean currents are the continuous, directed movement of seawater, driven by forces like wind |
| surface current | Surface currents are the horizontal movement of water in the upper 400 meters of the ocean, driven mainly by global wind patterns |
| deep current | Deep currents are slow, large-scale movements of water in the ocean that occur beneath the surface layer |
| convection current | Convection currents are the circular movement of a fluid (liquid or gas) caused by differences in temperature, which creates a cycle of rising hot, less dense fluid and sinking cool, denser fluid |
| upwelling | Upwelling is the process where deep, cold, nutrient-rich ocean water rises to the surface |
| thermal energy | Thermal energy refers to the energy contained within a system that is responsible for its temperature |
Created by:
Javier velez
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