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AP Bio: Unit 3

Photosynthesis / Cellular Respiration

Enzyme An enzyme is a protein that accelerates chemical reactions in living organisms by lowering the activation energy required, enabling reactions to occur more quickly and efficiently without being used up in the process.
Formula for Photosynthesis 6CO₂ + 6H₂O --> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
Formula for Cellular Respiration C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ --> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O
Light Independent Reaction A.K.A The "Calvin Cycle", the part of photosynthesis where plants use CO₂ and Energy (from ATP & NADPH) to build sugars like glucose, w/o needing light. ** This happens in the STROMA of chlorpolast !!
Light Dependent Reaction The light-dependent reaction is the part of photosynthesis where plants use sunlight to make energy-rich molecules like ATP & NADPPH. ** It happens in the THYLAKOID MEMBRANES of the chloroplast & also produces oxygen from water !!
Glycolysis Glycolysis is the first step of cellular respiration. One molecule of glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, producing a small amount of energy (ATP) for the cell. ** It happens in the CYTOPLASM of the cell (does not req. oxygen)!!
Krebs Cycle The Krebs cycle, or Citric Acid Cycle, is the second stage of cellular respiration (with oxygen). It breaks down food to make energy, CO₂, and electron carriers. ** It happens in the MITOCHONDRIA and is part of cellular respiration!!
Electron Transport Chain Photosynthesis: The ETC in light-dependent reactions makes ATP & NADPH. Cellular Respiration: The ETC (final step, needs oxygen) makes lots of ATP and water. It happens in the inner membrane of mitochondria & produces water (electrons+H2O+Oxygen)
Fermentation Fermentation is a way cells make ATP w/o using oxygen, by breaking down sugars. ** It happens in the CYTOPLASM and produces less energy than normal cellular resp.
ATP Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is the main energy carrier in cells that stores and supplies energy for many cell activities. ATP is like a "battery" that powers cell work.
Created by: chianti
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