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Protein Syn and Mut.

Protein synthesis and Mutations

QuestionAnswer
The molecule that stores genetic instructions for building proteins DNA
A segment of DNA that contains the code to make one protein. Gene
a single-stranded copy of a gene that carries the instructions from the nucleus to the ribosome. mRNA
Process in the nucleus where a gene’s DNA sequence is copied into mRNA. Transcription
Process at the ribosome where the mRNA code is read and amino acids are linked to form a protein. Translation
A three-base sequence on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid. Codon
brings the correct amino acid to the ribosome based on the codon. tRNA
Cell organelle made of RNA that reads mRNA and assembles proteins. Ribosome
The building block of proteins. Amino Acid
A–T, C–G. DNA Base Pairing
A–U, C–G. RNA Base Pairs
Site where DNA is stored and transcription occurs. Nucleus
A change in a single nucleotide (base) in DNA. Point Mutation
A change in the DNA sequence that can alter a protein. Mutation
One base is swapped for another; may change a single amino acid or have no effect. Substitution
A substitution that does not change the amino acid coded for. Silent Mutation
A substitution that changes one amino acid in the protein. Missense Mutation
A substitution that creates a stop codon, causing the protein to be shorter. Nonsense Mutation
Insertion or deletion of a nucleotide that shifts the reading frame, altering many amino acids. Frameshift Mutation
Disease from a Point Mutation caused by a single base change in hemoglobin gene. Sickle cell anemia
A change in the number or structure of entire chromosomes. Chromosomal Mutation
Part of a chromosome is missing. Deletion
A segment of a chromosome is repeated. Duplication
A chromosome segment breaks off, flips, and reattaches in reverse order. Inversion
A segment of one chromosome attaches to a different, non-homologous chromosome. Translocation
Example of a Chromosomal Disorder Down syndrome (trisomy 21)
Created by: rray2017
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