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NAC - Unit 1
Information that may or may not be on the exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| res | resident |
| _ C | with |
| _ s | without |
| pt | patient |
| _ p | after |
| SBA | stand by assistant |
| VS | vital signs |
| PRN or prn | as needed |
| C/O | complains of |
| BID | twice a day |
| TID | three times a day |
| QID | four times a day |
| dx | diagnosis |
| OOB | out of bed |
| pc | after meals |
| HOB | head of bed |
| R/T | related to |
| △ | change |
| r/o | rule out |
| BRP | bathroom privileges |
| cc | cubic centimeters |
| ml | milliliters |
| ADL | activities of daily living |
| amb | ambulate |
| q | every |
| O2 | oxygen |
| HTN | Hypertension (High blood pressure) |
| What are ADL's | daily task everyone does like getting dressed, brushing your hair, etc. |
| Where does the NAC fall in the chain of command | At the bottom, even thou we are the most important part of the chain |
| What is chain of command? | order of authority in a facility |
| What is delegation? | assigning of task to another |
| What is dementia? | loss metal abilities such as thinking, remembering, reasoning |
| What is holistic care? | This envolves the whole person physical, social, emotional amd spiritual needs. |
| What is hospice care? | Care given to people with 6 months or less to live goal is comfort. |
| What are people in a hospital referred as? | Pt - patients |
| What are people in a nursing home referred as? | Res. - Residents because they live there |
| What are people in assisted living referred as? | Res. - Residents because they live there |
| What are people in Adult family homes referred as? | Res. - Residents because they live there |
| What are people in Alzheimer's unit referred as? | Res. - Residents because they live there |
| What are people In-Home care referred as? | Clients |
| What is another way to refer to Alzheimer's units? | Memory care unit or secured unit |
| What is an Adult family home? | It is a regular home in a residentual neighborhood where the residents live and receive care |
| What is pallative care? | This is to maximize quality of life and is when someone has a serious illness but they are not yet ready to die. |
| Can a NAC dispense medication? | Not unless they have had additional training to do this. |
| What is the NAC in charge of in any facility? | Them, themselves |
| What is rehabilitation? | Specialized care, like physcial therapist that help restore or improve function |
| What is skilled care? | Care available 24 hrs a day, that is medically necessary and is given by skilled nurse or therapist |
| What is a resident? | Person who resides or lives in nursing home, assisted living, adult living unit or alzheimer's unit (Memory care unit) |
| What is assisted living? | Res. are generally more independent. |
| What is home health care? | Care that takes place in one's home. |
| Is dementia a normal part of aging? | No |
| What is professionalism? | has to do with behaving properly when working. |
| What are 4 ways to display professionalism? | Neatly dressed and groomed. Not using personal phone in res. room Showing up for work when scheduled Addressing res., family and visitors by their name. |
| What should you never call someone while working? | Sweetie, honey or dear |
| Should a NAC report changes in resident's conditions | Yes |
| Who should a NAC report changes to? | The nurse promptly |
| What is a policy? | course of action to be taken everytime a certain situation happens |
| What is a procedure? | Method or way to do something. Procedure manual has info. on the exact way to complete everything |
| What is considered assault? | Threaten to harm someone |
| What is battery? | Hurting someone, actual harm |
| Explain criminal law? | Public law to protect society |
| Explain civil law? | disputes between individuals |
| What is DNR? | do not resuscitate; no life saving measures are to be taken |
| What are ethics? | knowing right from wrong or standards of conduct |
| What is HIPPA? Health Insurane Portability and Accountability Act | Privacy act |
| Who are mandated reporters? | NAC but anyone dthat observed abuse or neglect due to their regular contact with res., pt or client |
| What is OBRA? Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act | Law passed by federal govern. /Minimum standards for NAC training, staffing requirements, resident assessment insgtructdions and info. on rights for res. |
| What is an ombudsman? | legal advocate for res. in LTC |
| What is coercion? | use of force |
| What are Residents' rights? | How we treat res. they have all the same rights that you do. |
| How many additional hours must a NAC do for education to keep their skills up? | 12 hrs per year |
| What is quality of life? | Right to the best care available that preserves dignity, choice, and independence |
| How should we handle rights and services for the res.? | Told what services are offered and how much it will cost. Also any changes in treatment. |
| What is assault? | threaten to harm |
| What is battery? | Hurting someone |
| What is libel? | false written statement |
| What is slander? | false spoken statement |
| How many forms are there of neglect in the Health care world? | 2 - active and passive |
| What is active neglect? | Ignoring when you know a pt/res. need assistance |
| What is passive neglect? | when it is an accident not ignored. |
| Explain residents' right | Same rights that everyone else has |
| How many additional hours of training are required and how often for a NAC? | 12 hrs. per year |
| What are some the residents rights? | Quality of life, Service and activities to maintain a high level of wellness, To be fully informed about rights and services, To participate in their own care, Make independent choices, Privacy and confidentiality, Dignity, respect and freedom |
| What is physical abuse? | any treatment intentional or not, that causes harm (i.e. hitting, pushing, shoving |
| What is psychological abuse? | emotional harm caused by threatening, frightening, sioltating, intimidating, humiliating or insulting a person |
| What is verbal abuse? | use of language, pictures or gesters that threaten, embarrassor insult a person |
| What is sexual abuse? | non-consensual contact of any type (i.e. dirty magazine, rubbing up against a res.) |
| What is financial abuse? | Improper or illegal use of a persons money, possessions, property or other assets |
| What is domestic violece? | abuse by a spouses, intimate partner, or family members |
| What is Intimate partner violence (IPV)? | physical, sexual, or emotional harm caused by a partner or spouse. This includes isolating a partner or restricting access to help and information. |
| What is workplace violence? | Abuse of staff by other staff member, resident or visitor. Can be verbal, physical or sexual |
| What is false imprisonment? | unlawful restraint that affects a person's freedom of movement |
| What is involuntary seculsion? | Separating a person rom others against the persons will |
| Explain sexual harrassment? | any unwelcome secual advance or behavior that creates an intimidating, hostile or offensive working environment |
| What is substance abuse? | Repeated use of legal or illegla substances in a way that is harmful to oneself or others (legal and prescribed is still abuse) |
| What is active listening? | Giving a person one's full attention while they are talking and encouraging them to give inormation and clarify ideas |
| What is body language? | nonverbal communication, (facial expression, gestures, posture) |
| What is an incident report? | Report documenting an incident (accident) and the actions taken from that |
| What is nonverbal communication? | No words |
| What is objective information? | Factual (Seeing, hearing, smell, and touch these are called signs) |
| What is subjective information? | info. collected from resident, family, friends that may or may not be true (also known as symptoms) |
| What percentage of communication is nonverbal? | 90 |
| What is presbycusis? | inability to hear high pitch frequencies (speak low and slow) |
| What is the last sense you loose? | Hearing |
| What is frustration? | expression in the form of anger |
| When a res. has trouble understanding or using verbal communication what is this called? | barrier |
| What is the root of a word? | The main part of the word that is the basic meaningor definition |
| what is the prefix of a medical term? | it precedes the root to help form a new word |
| What is the suffix of a word? | it is found at the end of the root |
| How do you make a correction in a medial record? | draw a line through it and then record correct info. then inital and date |
| How is the res. care managed? | When a care plan |
| What is an incident? | an accident, problem, or unexpected event that happens during the course of care |
| What should you record when an incident happens? | Who, what, where and when it happened |
| What is a incident report? | Report that documents the incident and the response to it |
| What is code status? | This informs staff the type and scope of care that should be provied in the event of cardia arrest. |
| What is full code? | Try all measures to bring the res. back |
| What is no code? | No not attempted anything and let the res. pass on |
| Can you have just depression in a facility? | No you normal also will have anxiety they go hand and hand |
| What are the 4 - behaviors for effective communication? | patient, consistant, speak low and speak slow |
| dys- | not normal |
| a- | without |
| hyper- | elevated |
| hypo- | under/low |
| afebrile | free of fever/no fever |
| dyspnea | shortness of breath/difficulty breathing |
| dysfunctional | abnormal |
| dysrhythmia | abnormal heart beat |
| asymptomatic | no symptoms |
| apnea | airway blocked/cannot breath - absence of breathing; may be temporary |
| asystole | no heart beat |
| hyperthermic | hot |
| hypotension | low blood pressure |
| hypocalcemia | low calcium in the blood |
| hypokalemia | low potassium levels |
| hypernatremia | abnormally high levels of sodium in the blood |
| What should you do as you enter a res. room? | knock, pause, state res. care - use res. name, your name, tell them what you are going to do, pull privacy curtain - bed breaks locked and bed t safe level - wash hands - begin skill |
| What should you do as you exit the room? | Make sure signal device is within reach - bed locked and low - wash hands - remind res. to use signal device if they need anything |
| How is C. difficile or C. Diff (Clostridiodies difficile spread? | Bacterium that is spread by spores in feces that are difficult to kill |
| What is hand hygiene? | Washing hands and nails with soap and water or alcohol-base hand sanitizer |
| What percentage of alochol should your hand sanitizer have to be good? | 60% or higher |
| What is hepatitis? | Inflammation of the liver caused by vruses and other factors such as alcohol abuse, some medications aned trauma |
| What is microorganism (MO)? | living thing or organism so small it can only been seen under a microscope |
| What is MRSA? (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus | bacteria that have developed resistance to antibiotic methicillin or other antibiotics |
| What is normal flora? | microogranisms that normally live in and on our bodies that do not cause harm |
| What is a pathogen? | microogranism that cause infection or disease |
| What is PPE? | Personal protective equipment: to protect employees from serious workplace injuries or illnesses |
| What is the chain of infection? | how disease is transmitted from one human being to another |
| How many links are in the chain of infection? | 6 |
| What are the links of the chain of infection? | Causative agent (pathogen), Reservoir (pathogen lives blood, lungs, wounds), Portal of Exit (sputum, wound drainage), Mode of Transmission (1 person to another), Portal of Entry (how it gets Susceptible Host (Young or old, and the immune comprimised |
| How do we wash our hands? | Turn on water, wet hands and wrist, apply soap and scrumb from fingertips to wrist, for at least 20 sections, keeping elbows down |
| How effective are gloves? | 75% |
| Is normal flora a good or bad microogranisms? | Good |
| What are some of the bad microogranisms? | Bacteria (MRSA, TB), virns (HIV, COVID, Flu), fungi (ringworm, athlete's foot) and parasities (scabies) |
| How many signs of inflammation are there? | 4 |
| What are the signs of inflammation? | Pain, Heat, Redness and swelling |
| What are the categories of Isolation? | Standard (wear mask, pt wears mask when leaving room), Contact (all surfaces ), Droplets (sneeze or cough ), Airbone (N95 mask) |
| How do you stop the chain of infection? | hand hygiene |
| What order to you dawn your PPE? | gown, gloves, and then mask |
| What order do you remove PPE? | glove (grab non domanate and then wad up, then incase with other glove), gown and then mask |
| Will hand sanitizer remove C. diff? | No, only soap and water |
| What is angina? | chest pain, pressure , or discomfort due to coronary artery disease |
| What does CHF stand for? | congestive heart failure |
| What is CHF or Congestive heart failure? | Heart muscle is damaged and fails to pump effectively one or both sides of the heart stop pumping |
| What is diastole? | When the heart muscle is relaxed |
| What is an embolism? | blockage of blood vessel by a blood clot or fat |
| What is hypoxia? | Body tissued do not get enough oxgen |
| What is ischemia? | lack of blood supply to an area |
| What does nitroglycerin do? | mediation that relaxes walls of the coronary arteries |
| What is pulmonary embolism (PE)? | blockage in the pulmonary artery, usually a blood clot |
| What is systole? | phase of the heart when it is at work, contracting and pushing blood out of the ventricle |
| What is a vein? | vessel that carries blood to the heart |
| What is the name of a blood clot caused from long periods of sitting or laying down? | thrombus |
| What is deep vein thrombosis (DVT)? | blood clot in large vein in the body, most often in the leg |
| When do you put on a compression sock on a res. or pt? | before getting out of bed in the morning and at night when you put the pt or res. to bed |
| Where do you take an apical pulse? | left side of the chest just below the nipple. |
| What is apnea? | absence of breathing or no breath |
| Where do you take a brachial pulse? | inside the elbow, about 1 to 1 1/2 inches above the elbow |
| What is Cheyne-Stoke respirations? | alternating periods of slow, irregular respirations and rapid, shallow respirations, possibly long with periods of apnea (as one is dying) |
| What is diastolic? | second measurement of blood pressure; phase when the heart relaxes or is at rest (bottom number) |
| What is hypertension? | High blood pressure, regularly measuring 120/80 mmHg or higher |
| What is orthostatic hypotension? | sudden drop in blood pressure that occurs when a person stands or sits up, also referred to postural hypotension. |
| Is orthostatic hypotension the same as postural hypotension? | Yes |
| Where do you take a radial pulse? | pulse located on the thumb side of the wrist, where the radial artery runs just beneath the skin |
| What is a sphygmomanometer used for? | Device used to measure blood pressure |
| What is systolic? | First measurement in blood pressure, phase when the heart is working, contrating and pushing blook out of the left ventricle (top number) |
| What are vital signs? | the measurements that monitor the functioning of the vital organs of te body |
| How many vital sign measurements are they and what are they. | 4 - temperature, pulse rate, respiration, and blood pressure |
| What is respiration? | Process of inhaling and exhaling air in and out of the lungs |
| How long do you count heart beats when taking an apical pulse? | 1 full minute |
| What are the two things every cell needs? | oxygen and glucose |
| What type of blood do arteries carry? | Oxygen rich blood, usually bright pinky red |
| What type of blood do veins carry? | Oxygen poor blood, usually dark burgundy |
| What is the oxygen saturation level in a healthy non-smoking person? | 97 to 100% |
| What is (TIA) Transient Ischemic Attack stand for? | Transient - anywhere, ischemic - lack of blood, attack - sudden |
| What does cardiac chest pain feel like? | It is super strong chest pain that really hurts, stops you in your track |
| What is (CVA) Cerebrovascular accident also known as | stroke |
| What is hemorrhagic? | bleeding or blood loss |
| What is occlusive? | blood clot stuck somewhere, prevents passage of air, fluid or other substances |
| What is nitroglycerin? | It is a vasodialtor - opens up the vessels |
| What is the holiday that send most people to the hospital and why? | Thanksgiving - from possible over-eating and the pain you feel from eating too much |
| What are the side effects of taking a vasodilator? | Bad headache and drop of blood pressure |
| What does the SA Node do for the heart? | It is the director that tell the other 3 quadrants what to do, the pacemaker of the heart |
| What is a blood thinner called? | anticoagulant |
| What stage of life might you experience Atrial fibrillation? | Most common in eldery people |
| What is atrial fibrillation? | Irregular, often rapid heart rate that commonly causes poor blood flow. |
| What is a normal blood pressure | 120/80 mmHg |
| What is a normal pulse? | 60-90 bpm (beats per minute) |
| What is normal respiration? | 12-20 bpm (breaths per minute) |
| What is the normal body tempature? | 98.6 |
| What are the different ways you can take a temperature? | Rectal, oral, tympanic (ear), temporal (forehead), axillary (arm pit) |
| What is the most accurate way to get a temperature? | Rectal |
| What are the normal temperatures for each of the ways to take it | Rectal 99.6, oral 98.6, tympanic (ear) 97.6, temporal 97.6, axillary 96.6 |
| What is tempature measuring? | Measurement of energy your body is using |
| How long do you leave a thermometer in the mouth? | 3 minutes |
| What is another name for a heart attack? | myocardio infarction or MI |
| 1 inhalation and 1 exhalation equal what | 1 respiration |
| Are cc (cubic centimeter) and ml (milliliters) exchangeable measurements? | Yes |
| What is one short little line on a thermometer? | 0.2 degrees |
| What is one short little line on a sphgmomanometer? | 2 mmHg |
| What is one short little line on a scale? | .25 lbs |
| What is one short little line on a graduated container? | 25 cc's |
| What is a blood pressure greater than 120/80 to 139/89 considered? | Pre- HTN |
| What isorthostatic hypotension? | a condition where blood pressure drops significantly when a person stands up from a sitting or lying position |
| Where all in the body can you take a pulse? | carotid, apical (left side level just below nipple), radio (wrist), brachial (inside elbow), femoral (grown), pedal (top of foot) |
| What does CHF feel like? | Like your lungs are filling with fluid - ymptoms include dizziness, confusion, a rapid or pounding heart, and a feeling of fullness or bloating in the stomach |
| What happens to your heart as you age? | The heart does not pump blood as effectively as it does when you are young |
Created by:
bdeebrian
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