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Bio. E1 Study Guide
Flashcards/Study Guide For Bio. Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What type of monomers do carbohydrates consist of? | Monosaccharides |
| What type of polymers do carbohydrates consist of? | Polysaccharides |
| What type of monomers do proteins consist of? | Amino acids |
| What type of polymers do proteins consist of? | Polypeptides, proteins |
| What type of monomers do nucleic acids consist of? | Nucleotides |
| What type of polymers do nucleic acids consist of? | DNA, RNA |
| What type of monomers do fats/lipids consist of? | Glycerol, fatty acids |
| What type of polymers do fats/lipids consist of? | Triglycerides |
| What are monosaccharides and why are they significant? | Monosaccharides are single sugar units that cannot be broken down into smaller carbohydrates by hydrolysis— they act as the primary fuel for cellular respiration (monosaccharides like glucose are metabolized to generate ATP) |
| What is ATP? | The energy currency of a cell |
| How do monosaccharides act as a building block? | Monosaccharides link together to form disaccharides (ex: lactose) and polysaccharides (ex: starch & cellulose), creating more complex carbohydrates for energy storage or structural purposes) |
| What are some of the characteristics of living things? | They utilize energy (photosynthesis or cellular respiration), they maintain homeostasis, they grow, develop, and reproduce, and they pass on their traits through genetic material |
| What are cells capable of? | Acquiring energy and materials, responding to their environment, reproducing, maintaining homeostasis, adaption to their environment (physiological adaptation) |
| What is the difference between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells? | Eukaryotic cells possess membrane-bound organelles while prokaryotic don’t |
| What are the steps of the scientific method? | Observation, question generation, hypothesis formation, experimental design, experimental implementation, data analysis, conclusion, repeat |
| What is a control group? | A group in an experiment or study that doesn’t receive the treatment or intervention being tested and serves as a baseline for comparison w/ the experimental group |
| What is an experimental group? | Receives the treatment or intervention being tested, allowing researchers to observe its effects |
| Why do you sometimes need to have more than one control group? | To account for different baseline conditions, compare a new treatment against multiple established alternatives, isolate the effects of different variables, or increase statistical power and the reliability of your results by minimizing variability |
| What are the characteristics of a good hypothesis? | It is testable, specific, clear, falsifiable, and based on existing knowledge |
| Most of the organic molecules are classified as ______, long chains of smaller molecules known as monomers | Polymers |
| _______ bind to other monomers by a reaction known as a ___________ _________ to form these repeating chain molecules | Monomers; dehydration synthesis |
| _________ are the exception and do not form polymers | Fats |
| ____________, fats, and proteins provide the majority of our energy needs. The carbon-to-carbon bonds within their structure contain _________ __________ accessible by the cell’s metabolic machinery | Carbohydrates; potential energy |
| __________ _______ are not classified as a significant energy source | Nucleic acids |
| What is the structure, function, and an example of monosaccharides? | Single monomer—immediate energy source (ex: glucose) |
| What is the structure, function, and an example of polysaccharides? | Three or more monomers—long-term storage and structural support (ex: starch and glycogen) |
| What is the structure, function, and an example of disaccharides? | Two monomers—easily broken into monosaccharide to be used as an immediate energy source (ex: Maltose and lactose) |
| What are examples of things and importance of things that are saturated? | Butter—consumed in high amounts is linked to heart disease—solid at room temperature—long, straight, fatty acid chains |
| What are examples of things and importance of things that are unsaturated? | Oils—liquid at room temperature—fatty acid chains w/ one or more double bond |
| What are examples of things and importance of things that are both saturated and unsaturated? | Hydrophobic—composed of fatty acid chains |
| What does the phospholipid bilayer do and what is it made up of? | Blocks the movement of molecules and is a hydrophilic-hydrophobic barrier |
| What does cholesterol do? | Regulates the fluid nature of the membrane and provides extra support |
| What does proteins do? | Relay signals from the cell’s internal and external environments and act as a pathway for ions and molecules to cross the membrane |
Created by:
elisha.dalmeida65
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