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UNIT 2
Properties of Acids, Bases, and Water
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| solutions | homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, where the components are uniformly distributed and cannot be visually distinguished |
| acid | chemical substance that donates hydrogen ions (H+) or protons when dissolved in water that has a pH below 7 |
| bases | substance that can accept hydrogen ions (H+) (a proton) from another substance, or, in aqueous solutions, release hydroxide ions (OH-) . They have a pH greater than 7 |
| properties of acids | pH under 7 sour taste can burn corrodes metal turns blue litmus red |
| properties of water | adhesion cohesion surface tension |
| properties of bases | pH over 7 bitter taste slippery to touch turns red litmus paper blue corrodes organic material |
| pH | a quantitative measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, specifically an aqueous one |
| ion | an atom or a group of atoms that carries a net electric charge because it has gained or lost electrons |
| H+ | hydrogen ion, which is a positively charged hydrogen atom that has lost its single electron, leaving it with just a proton |
| OH- | hydroxide ion, a chemical consisting of one oxygen atom and one hydrogen atom with a net negative charge |
| litmus paper | pH test where acids will turn blue paper red and bases will turn red paper blue |
| litmus paper, cabbage juice, pH paper, pH probes | pH indicators |
| cohesion | the force that causes molecules of the same substance to stick together, forming a unified structure |
| adhesion | the attraction and bonding of dissimilar particles or surfaces to each other, driven by molecular forces |
| surface tension | physical property of liquids that makes their surfaces behave like a stretched, elastic membrane, caused by the attractive (cohesive) forces between molecules |
| neutral | a substance or solution that is neither acidic nor basic, with a pH of 7 on the standard pH scale |
| capillary action | the movement of a liquid through narrow spaces, like pores or tubes, against gravity, driven by the interplay of the liquid's adhesive forces (attraction to the solid surface), cohesive forces (attraction to itself), and surface tension |
| corrosive | a substance that destroys tissue or material through chemical action, such as acids and bases eating away at organic matter or metal |
| organic material | carbon-based compounds that contain carbon bonded to at least one other element, typically hydrogen. These materials are often, but not always, derived from living organisms. |
| attract | to exert a force that draws objects toward each other, causing them to move closer |
| example of adhesion | water molecules sticking to glass |
| example of cohesion | water droplets clump together |
| example of surface tension | algae can't sink through the pond water |
| examples of acids | citrus fruits, vinegar |
| examples of bases | detergents, crushed limestone, drain cleaner |
| water's pH | 7; neutral |
Created by:
ledee.workman
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