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Unit 4 Biology

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

QuestionAnswer
Energy The ability to do work
Work The ability to move or change matter
Pigments Light-absorbing molecules used to capture the sun's energy
Autotrophs Organisms that convert energy from the sun and inorganic substances into molecules that can be used for energy
Chemotrophs Organisms that use inorganic chemicals from deep in the Earth to produce usable forms of organic compounds
Chlorophyll The main photosynthetic pigment used by plants to absorb the sun's energy
Thylakoids Saclike photosynthetic membranes found in a chloroplast
Grana Stacks of interconnected thylakoids in a chloroplast
Stroma The fluid portion of the chloroplast where the Calvin Cycle takes place
Photosynthesis The process by which energy from the sun converts water and carbon dioxide into high-energy sugars and oxygen
Photosynthesis Equation CARBON DIOXIDE+WATER+SUNLIGHT=GLUCOSE+OXYGEN
Light-Dependent Reaction The reactions in photosynthesis that require the direct involvement of light and light- absorbing pigments to take the energy from the sun and turn into energy rich compounds like ATP
Light-Independent Reaction (THE CALVIN CYCLE) Located in the Stroma, Light is not needed, ATP is used to produce high-energy sugars from carbon dioxide
Transpiration The process by which plants exhale water vapor through their stomata
Heterotrophs Organisms that get their energy from food rather than inorganic compounds
Cellular Respiration The process that turns chemical energy like glucose into a usable form of energy like ATP
Aerobic Pathways of cellular respiration that require OXYGEN
Anaerobic Pathways of cellular respiration that DO NOT REQUIRE OXYGEN
Glycolysis The step of cellular respiration that transforms glucose into ATP
Krebs Cycle The step of cellular respiration where pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide and ATP is released
Electron Transport Chain Uses the high-energy electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to convert ADP and ATP
Fermentation The process by which energy is released from food molecules by producing ATP in the absence of oxygen
Chloroplast Where PHOTOSYNTHESIS occurs
Mitochondria Where CELLULAR RESPIRATION occurs
Created by: jlelliott
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