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BI101 Lecture 5

Bio 101 Lecture 5 Power Point

TermDefinition
Hydrogen bonding Hydrogen can form ionic (H⁺) and covalent bonds. With C, N, O, hydrogen bonds are always covalent.
What kind of bond does Na-F have? Ionic Bond
What kind of bond does H-O have? Polar Covalent bond
What kind of bond does O-O have? Nonpolar Covalent bond
What kind of bond does Mg-Cl have? Ionic Bond
What kind of ion does hydrogen form when it loses an electron, cation or anion? Cation
What does H2O have? 2 polar covalent O–H bonds.
Water molecules form what? They form hydrogen bonds → unique properties.
Cohesion Water molecules stick together due to H-bonds. Creates surface tension (hard to break surface).
Biological importance 1. Prevents evaporation of Earth’s water. 2. Moderates coastal temperatures. 3. Cooling in animals (sweat, panting in dogs)
Solvent Does the dissolving
Solute What's dissolved
Solution Solvent + Solute
Aqueous solution Water is the solvent
Water as a Solvent dissolves...? 1. Ionic compounds (e.g., NaCl → ions). 2. Polar covalent molecules (sugars, proteins, nucleic acids).
Hydrophilic Dissolves in water
Hydrophobic Doesn't dissolve in water (lipids, oils)
Would glucose dissolve in water? When a glucose molecule is placed into water the negatively charged oxygen ions attract and surround the positively charged O-H (hydroxyl-) groups in glucose, forming hydrogen bonds.
Acid Donates H⁺ in solution
Base Accepts H⁺ (or increases OH⁻)
Neutral water [H⁺] = [OH⁻]
Acidic Solution pH < 7 (H⁺ > OH⁻)
Basic Solution pH > 7 (H⁺ < OH⁻)
Most biological fluids pH 6–8.
What bonds can H⁺ and OH⁻ ions disrupt? Disrupt hydrogen and ionic bonds
Denaturation Destroy the characteristic properties of (a protein or other biological macromolecule) by heat, acidity, or other effects that disrupt its molecular conformation.
Buffers Resist pH change by accepting or donating H⁺
Cation Positively charged ion
Antion Negatively charged ion
Created by: trumoo312
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