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NCC -A & P Chapter 5
Microbiology Basics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Antibiotics | Chemicals that are used to treat bacterial infections. |
| Broad-spectrum antibiotic | Antibiotic that destroys many different types of bacteria |
| Narrow-spectrum antibiotic | Antibiotic that destroys only a few types of bacteria |
| Communicable disease | A disease that can be spread from one host to another |
| Non-communicable disease | An infectious disease that cannot be transmitted directly or indirectly from host to host |
| Measles and Chicken Pox | Example of Communicable diseases |
| Urinary tract infection | Example of a Non-communicable disease |
| Epidemic disease | A disease scquired by many people in a given area over a short period of time. |
| Pandemic | A worldwide epidemic |
| Epidemiology | The study of the occurence and distribution of a disease in a population |
| Incubation period | The lapsed period of time from the exposure of a person to a pathogen to the development of the symptoms of the disease. |
| Normal flora | A group of microorganisms that colonize a host without causing disease. |
| Where might normal flora colonize? | Mouth, intestinal tract, vagina, and nasal cavaties |
| Nosocomial infection | A hospital acquired infection |
| Reservoir of infection | A continual source of infection |
| Resistance | The ability to ward off disease |
| Susceptibility | A lack of resistance |
| Sterilization | A process that destroys living organisms |
| Vector | A carrier of pathogens from host to host |
| Disease | The failure of the body to function normally |
| Disease-producing microorganisms | Pathogens |
| Symptoms that develop in response to the invasion of a pathogen | Infection |
| Localized infection | An infection that is restricted to a small area |
| Systemic infection | A widespread infection that is usually spread by the blood and affects the entire body. |
| Classifications of Bacteria | Coccus(round), Bacillus(rod-shaped), Curved rod |
| Cocci | Round cells arranged in patterns |
| Diplococci | Cocci arranged in pairs |
| Cocci arranged in chains, like a chain of beads | Streptococci |
| Cocci arranged in clusters resembling bunches of grapes | Staphylococci |
| Diseases caused by cocci | Gonorrhea, meningitis, and pneumonia |
| Bacilli | Long, slender shaped bacteria that resemble a cigar |
| Diseases caused by bacilli | Tetanus, diptheria, and tuberculosis |
| Three types of curved rod bacteria | Vibrio, spirillum, and spirochete |
| A slightly curved shaped bacteria that resembles a comma and can cause Cholera. | Vibrio |
| A long celled bacteria that coils like a corkscrew | Spirillum |
| Tightly coiled spirillum that are capable of waving and twisting | Spirochetes |
| What type of bacteria causes syphilis? | Spirochetes |
| Another name from syphilis | Treponema pallidum |
| What are the two clinical characteristics of bacteria? | Cell walls and spores |
| Spore | An encasement that allows a bacteria to survive harsh environmental conditions such as drying, heating, and exposure to certain disinfectants. |
| What are two parasitic bacteria? | Rickettsia and Chlamydia |
| Clostridium botulinum | The organism that causes deadly food poisoning (botulism) |
| Bacteria that require a living host to survive | Parasites |
| Chlamydia trachomatis | One of the most prevelent sexually transmitted diseases which is also responsible for trachoma, a serious eye infection that is a leading cause of blindness in the world. |
| What is the causitive agent for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever? | Rickettsia |
| What are the smallest infectious agents? | Viruses |
| Which type of pathogen consists of either RNA or DNA surrounded by a protein shell? | Viruses |
| Measles, mumps, influenza, poliomyeltis, and AIDS are all caused by what pathogenic agent? | Viruses |
| What causes myotic infections? | Pathogenic fungi |
| A plantlike organism, such as a mushroom | Fungus |
| A yeastlike fungus that normally inhabits the mouth, digestive tract, and vagina | Candida albicans |
| Single-celled, animal-like microbes | Protazoa |
| Four main types of protazoa | Amebas, ciliates, flagellates, and sporozoa |
| What type of pathogen is found in the soil and in most bodies of water? | Protozoa |
| Plasmodium malariae(malaria) is carried by what vector? | Mosquito |
| Two members of the sporozoa group | Pneumocystis carinii and Crytopsporidium |
| Protozoa that cause pneumonia | Pneumocystis carinii |
| What does Cryptosporidium cause? | Severe diarrhea |
| Treponema pallidum | Pocky lesion (chancre) that is caused by a spirochete and is also known as syphillis. |
| What types of infection/symptoms can be experienced by the overgrowth of Candida? | Trush, vaginitis, and intestinal symptoms |
| Which type of laboratory test is being performed when bacterium are stained with a red dye and then washed with acid? | Acid-fast stain |
| What is the most famous of the acid-fast bacteria? | Mycobacterium tuberculosis (causitive agent of TB) |
| What disease is caused by the Varicella-Zoster virus? | Chickenpox |
| What are shingles? | An acute infection of the peripheral nervous system caused by the varicella-zoster virus, which also causes chickenpox. Characterized by a string of painful lesions around the waist, chest, and/or back. |
| What two diseases are both caused by the Varicella-Zoster virus? | Chickenpox and shingles |
| What are parasitic worms called? | Helminths |
| Which helminth is common in children, very hard to control, cause puritis, and is normally tranmitted by the oral-fecal route? | Pinworms |
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