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NUR 213 Unit 2

Information regarding the cardiovascular system and other pertinent information.

TermDefinition
Coronary Artery Disease Occurs when the blood vessels that deliver oxygen rich blood to the heart become obstructed or dysfunctional.
Atherosclerosis Plaque within the lumen of vessels, principle cause of obstruction of blood flow.
Arterial Wall: three layers Tunica intima, Tunica Media, Tunica Adventitia
Ischemia when the heart muscle does not get enough oxygen and nutrients to meet its demands.
Risk Factors: Lifestyle Smoking, High Cholesterol, Obesity or overweight, Sedentary Lifestyle, Stress, Alcohol excess, Lack of sleep
Risk Factors: Non-modifiable Sex, Race, Aging, Family Hx.
Risk Factors: Disease Hypertension and Diabetes
Obstructive CAD Platelets aggregate on the ruptured plaque surface. The coagulation cascade is initiated and thrombus formation is stimulated. This clotting decrease or obstructs flow altogether leading to unstable angina, MI or sudden cardiac death.
Non-Obstructive CAD Do not have significant plaque that occludes the coronary arteries. The microvascular system is not able to dilate in response to the myocardial demand for O2 or stenosis is present.
Manifestations: CAD Silent until 40% of the artery is blocked by plaque in obstructive disease. Ischemia- imbalance of supply demand of O2, Infarction-when that imbalance is severe or prolonged. Irreversible.
Angina Chest Pain; two categories- stable and unstable
Stable Angina Chest pain associated with physical activity. Predictable Initial phase of Acute Coronary syndrome (ACS)
Unstable Angina Chest pain at rest. Most concerning Precursor to MI and an EMERGENCY
ACS Umbrella term used to define stages of MI. It includes unstable angina, non-st elevation MI (NSTEMI), and ST elevation MI (STEMI).
Printzmetal's or Variant Angina blockage of blood flow by coronary artery spasm rather than plaque formation. Typically occurs at rest and in clusters. Occurs at night between midnight and 8am.
Manifestations: Angina May radiate to left arm, back, neck, jaw. Chest pressure, SOB, dyspnea, fatigue, N&V, diaphoresis,, weakness, syncope, and epigastric discomfort.
Male vs Female vs Diabetes: Angina Male classic SS Female report fatigue, weakness, dyspnea, nausea Diabetes often have no SS of CAD
Diagnostic Tests Lipid Profiles, Cardiac biomarkers, Troponin, ECG
Troponin: Angina A protein released into the bloodstream when there is cardiac muscle damage. Levels rise when MI injury occurs.
Troponin: Tests begins to rise two-three hours after damage occurs and continues to rise over the next 12-48 hours.
Series Cardiac Biomarker Testing Measured every 6 hours after admission to the hospital to evaluate evolving ischemia.
Created by: user-1878377
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