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Meiosis

QuestionAnswer
What is the purpose of meiosis? To produce gametes (sperm/egg) with half the chromosome number of the parent cell (haploid), allowing for sexual reproduction.
How many cells are produced at the end of meiosis, and are they haploid or diploid? 4 haploid cells
What separates in Meiosis I? Homologous chromosomes
vWhat separates in Meiosis II? Sister chromatids
Does DNA replicate between Meiosis I and Meiosis II? No
In which phase does crossing over occur? Prophase I
: What is crossing over? The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, increasing genetic diversity.
What happens during Metaphase I? Homologous pairs align at the metaphase plate.
What happens during Metaphase II? Individual chromosomes (sister chromatids) align at the metaphase plate.
What happens during Anaphase I? Homologous chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles.
What happens during Anaphase II? Sister chromatids are pulled apart.
What are three sources of genetic variation in meiosis? Crossing over, independent assortment, and random fertilization.
What is independent assortment? Random distribution of homologous chromosomes during Metaphase I.
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of chromosome number in daughter cells? Mitosis produces diploid (2n) cells; meiosis produces haploid (n) cells.
Why does meiosis need to produce haploid cells? So that when fertilization occurs, the resulting zygote has the correct diploid number.
Which phase does non-disjunction in Meiosis II affect? Sister chromatids fail to separate → half of gametes affected.
How is genetic diversity created during Prophase I? By crossing over between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes.
Q: Which cells undergo meiosis, and which undergo mitosis? A: Meiosis → gametes (sex cells), Mitosis → somatic (body) cells.
Q: Why are gametes genetically different after meiosis? A: Due to crossing over, independent assortment, and random alignment of chromosomes.
Created by: sssb
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