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Cell Vocab
cell vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell | The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life. Every cell consists of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane. |
| Osmosis | a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane. |
| Cell theory | Cell theory is the fundamental biological concept that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells come from pre-existing cells. |
| Cell Wall | A cell wall is a rigid outer layer found in most plant cells, bacteria, fungi, algae, and some archaea, providing structural support, protection, and a definite shape |
| Cell membrane | A cell membrane is a semi-permeable boundary that surrounds all cells, separating the internal cell environment from the external environment. |
| Nucleus | the structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes. |
| Organelle | An organelle is a subcellular structure that has one or more specific jobs to perform in the cell |
| RiboSome | A ribosome is a cellular machine, a combination of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins, that acts as a protein factory by reading genetic instructions from messenger RNA (mRNA) to build proteins. |
| Nucleic Acid | A nucleic acid is a complex biomolecule that stores and transmits genetic information, directing cell growth, development, and protein synthesis |
| Selectively Permeable | A selectively permeable membrane is a barrier, like a cell membrane, that allows certain molecules or ions to pass through but blocks others, essentially acting as a "gatekeeper" to regulate what enters and leaves a cell |
| Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm is the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell |
| Mitochondria | A mitochondrion (plural: mitochondria) is an organelle within eukaryotic cells that converts the energy from food into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main energy currency of the cell |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of membranes within a eukaryotic cell's cytoplasm that is continuous with the nuclear membrane |
| Golgi apparatus | a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport. |
| Chloroplast | A chloroplast is an organelle found in plant and algal cells that is responsible for photosynthesis, the process of converting light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose |
| Lysosome | Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed organelles that contain an array of enzymes capable of breaking down all types of biological polymers—proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids |
| DNA | DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a molecule that contains the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all living organisms and many viruses |
| Passive Transport | Passive transport is the movement of substances across a cell membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| Active Transport | Active transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, which is against the concentration gradient |
| Diffusion | Diffusion is the spontaneous net movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| Tissue | Tissue is a group of cells that have similar structure and that function together as a unit |
| Organ | In medicine, a part of the body that is made up of cells and tissues that perform a specific function. |
| Organ system | An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function in the body. |
| Endocytosis | the taking in of matter by a living cell by invagination of its membrane to form a vacuole |
| Exocytosis | a process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane |
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