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Cell Vocabulary
Science Cell VOCAB
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell | The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life. Every cell consists of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane. |
| Cytoplasm | The cell substance between the cell membrane and the nucleus, containing the cytosol, organelles, cytoskeleton, and various particles. |
| Osmosis | The tendency of a fluid, usually water, to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a solution where the solvent concentration is higher, thus equalizing the concentrations of materials on either side of the membrane. |
| Mitochondria | Mitochondria is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi. |
| Organ | An organ is a collection of tissues joined in a structural unit to serve a common function. |
| Cell Theory | Cell theory is a scientific theory first formulated in the mid-nineteenth century, that living organisms are made up of cells. |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a part of a transportation system of the eukaryotic cell, and has many other important functions such as protein folding. |
| Organ System | An organ system is a biological system consisting of a group of organs that work together to perform one or more bodily functions. |
| Cell wall | A cell wall is a structural layer that surrounds some cell types, found immediately outside the cell membrane. It can be tough, flexible, and sometimes rigid. |
| Golgi Apparatus | The Golgi apparatus (/ˈɡɒldʒi/), also known as the Golgi complex, Golgi body, or simply the Golgi, is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. |
| Endocytosis | Endocytosis is a cellular process in which substances are brought into the cell. The material to be internalized is surrounded by an area of cell membrane, which then buds off inside the cell to form a vesicle containing the ingested materials. |
| Cell Membrane | The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of a cell from the outside environment. |
| Chloroplast | A chloroplast (/ˈklɔːrəˌplæst, -plɑːst/)[1][2] is a type of organelle known as a plastid that conducts photosynthesis mostly in plant and algal cells. |
| Exocytosis | Exocytosis (/ˌɛksoʊsaɪˈtoʊsɪs/[1][2]) is a form of active transport and bulk transport in which a cell transports molecules (e.g., neurotransmitters and proteins) out of the cell. |
| Nucleus | Nucleus (pl.: nuclei) is a Latin word for the seed inside a fruit. It most often refers to: Atomic nucleus, the very dense central region of an atom Cell nucleus, a central organelle of a eukaryotic cell, containing most of the cell's DNA. |
| Lysosome | A lysosome (/ˈlaɪsəˌsoʊm/) is a membrane-bound organelle that is found in all mammalian cells, with the exception of red blood cells (erythrocytes). |
| Organelle | In cell biology, an organelle is a specialized subunit, usually within a cell, that has a specific function. |
| DNA | DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the molecule that contains the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known living organisms. |
| Ribosome | A ribosome is a molecular machine found in all living cells that synthesizes proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into a specific sequence of amino acids. |
| Passive Transport | Passive transport is the movement of molecules across a membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, without the cell expending its own energy. |
| Active Transport | Active transport is the cellular process of moving molecules across a cell membrane, against their concentration gradient (from low to high concentration), requiring energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) |
| Nucleic Acid | Nucleic acids, the building blocks of life like DNA and RNA, are essential biomolecules that store and transmit genetic information, and play crucial roles in the synthesis of proteins and other vital cellular functions. |
| Selectively Permeable | Selectively permeable describes a membrane, such as a cell membrane, that permits only certain molecules or ions to pass through it, while blocking others |
| Diffusion | Diffusion is the natural net movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, occurring due to their random molecular motion without requiring extra energy |
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